Analysis of the swelling behaviour of chemically modified softwood: A novel approach

Papadopoulos, Antonios N.; Hill, Callum A. S.; Gkaraveli, A.

doi:10.1007/s00107-003-0448-8

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The reduction in hydroxyl accessibility has been found to be around 24.1-28.8 mmol hydroxyls per gram mass gain [46][47][48] which is only slightly above the theoretical reduction from substitution of hydroxyls of 23.8 mmol hydroxyls per gram mass gain [47]. Besides this reduction, however, acetylation bulks the wood cell walls by adding molecular volume [45], which decreases the space for water within wood cell walls. Increasing the degree of acetylation will reduce the hygroscopicity of the wood approximately linearly up to MEE ~50% at R mod = 0.25 g g −1 [43].…”

Section: Hygroscopicity and Liquid Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moisture absorption is an important metric for acetylated wood as preventing moisture absorption improves dimensional stability and resistance to wood decay fungi. Bulking was found to be the primary method by which acetylation affects moisture absorption in experiments where different sized carboxylic acid groups were substituted on hydroxyl groups; larger substituted groups reduced water vapor absorption with less chemical than smaller groups [44,45]. However, the reduced water absorption could not be entirely explained by the amount of bulking and the polarity of the side groups also affected the magnitude of absorption [43][44][45].…”

Section: How Acetylatation Affects the Wood Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Wood Modification and Wood Functionalization Technologies

Zelinka

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Emmerich

et al. 2022

Forests

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Wood modifications are becoming popular as a way to enhance the performance of wood, either to make it more durable, improve the performance of wood, or give it new functionality as a multifunctional or smart material. While wood modifications have been examined since the early 1900s, the topic has become a dominant area of study in wood science over the past decade. This review summarizes recent advances and provides future perspective on a selection of wood modifications, i.e., the methods that are currently commercialized (acetylation, furfurylation, and thermal modification), a rediscovered ancient practice (charring), a family of polymerization modifications that have so far made it to the pilot scale, and examples of novel wood-based functional materials explored at laboratory scale.

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Section: Hygroscopicity and Liquid Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: How Acetylatation Affects the Wood Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Wood Modification and Wood Functionalization Technologies

Zelinka

Altgen

Emmerich

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…27 For instance, resin impregnation in cellular walls or lumens, surface coatings using various chemicals, and heat-induced in situ polymerization are the common ways to chemically modify wood. 28–31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic acid/wood-based in situ polymerized densified composite material

Gondaliya,

Foster,

Foster

2023

Mater. Adv.

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“…The application of this method to estimate cell-wall volume changes is subject to error in any case, but more problematic is the fact that it relies on the assumption that the two data are equivalent. Papadopoulos et al (2004) also explained the swelling behaviour of modified wood by relying on this concept, but obviously, as demonstrated later by Hill and Ormondroyd (2004), such an interpretation is not correct. Hill and Ormondroyd (2004) adopted helium pycnometry to determine cell-wall volume changes as a result of modification with acetic anhydride and compared the results with volume changes calculated from the external dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the cell wall volume of a number of wood species due to reaction with acetic anhydride

et al. 2007

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A number of softwoods and hardwoods (beech, rubberwood, Corsican pine, Korean pine) were reacted with acetic anhydride to a variety of weight percentage gain (WPG) values and the volume change due to reaction was determined both by measurement of the external dimensions and by helium pycnometry. The volume change due to modification determined by helium pycnometry was found to be equal to that calculated, except for Corsican pine. The volume change as determined by the external dimensions was not a reliable method for determining cell-wall volume changes. The molar volume of the acetyl group in the cell wall was calculated over a range of WPG values, with volumes ranging from approximately 32 to 42 cm 3 mol -1 , depending on the wood species studied. The differences in acetyl molar volume observed between most wood species were significant.

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Analysis of the swelling behaviour of chemically modified softwood: A novel approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Review of Wood Modification and Wood Functionalization Technologies

Review of Wood Modification and Wood Functionalization Technologies

Polylactic acid/wood-based in situ polymerized densified composite material

Changes in the cell wall volume of a number of wood species due to reaction with acetic anhydride

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