Analysis of the systematic force-transmission error of the magnetic-suspension coupling in single-sinker densimeters and commercial gravimetric sorption analyzers

Kleinrahm, Reiner; Yang, Xiaoxian; McLinden, Mark O.; Richter, Markus

doi:10.1007/s10450-019-00071-z

Cited by 32 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A schematic diagram of the densimeter, presented by Richter et al [11], is given in the Online Resource 1. In one of our latest papers [6], we presented a few improvements of the core apparatus to reduce diffusion effects and the force-transmission error (FTE) [22,23]. Here, we summarize the description of the apparatus presented by Richter et al [11].…”

Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where fluid denotes the fluid density. When weighing the sinker inside the evacuated measuring cell via the magnetic-suspension coupling, the weighing result is not the mass of the sinker, m S , but a slightly different result, m * S,vac , which is the result of a small FTE of the magnetic-suspension coupling [22,23]. Rearranging Eq.…”

Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

et al. 2021

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Densities of two synthetic biomethane-like mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid phase and the supercritical region using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. Both mixtures consist of methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the second mixture additionally contains carbon dioxide. For the first mixture, four isotherms from (100 to 160) K were studied over the pressure range from (1.5 to 6.6) MPa. The second mixture was investigated along three isotherms from (140 to 180) K at pressures of (2.6 to 9.0) MPa, where only the densities at 180 K are usable due to solidification of the carbon dioxide at the lower temperatures. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.022 to 0.027) % for the first mixture and (0.046 to 0.054) % for the second mixture, respectively. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, densities in the homogeneous liquid phase could be measured without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure, which was determined experimentally for the mixture without carbon dioxide and calculated with an equation of state (EOS) for the mixture containing carbon dioxide. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the saturated-liquid densities is less than 0.08 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state; the deviations are less than 0.17 %.

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Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

et al. 2021

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“…The design of the cryogenic densimeter, the temperature and pressure measurement and the implementation of a special "VLE-cell" as a novel feature were described in detail previously [9][10][11]. In our latest paper [5], we presented some improvements of the core apparatus to reduce diffusion effects and the force-transmission error (FTE) [22,23]. Here, for the convenience of the readers of the present data paper, we summarize the description of the apparatus presented by Richter et al [11].…”

Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where fluid is the density of the fluid. When weighing the sinker inside the evacuated measuring cell via the magnetic-suspension coupling, the weighing result is not the mass of the sinker, m S , but a slightly different result, m * S,vac , due to a small FTE of the magnetic-suspension coupling [22,23]. Rearranging Eq.…”

Section: Apparatus Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density Measurements of (0.99 Methane + 0.01 Butane) and (0.98 Methane + 0.02 Isopentane) over the Temperature Range from (100 to 160) K at Pressures up to 10.8 MPa

et al. 2020

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Densities of two methane-rich binary mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid and the supercritical region at temperatures between (100 and 160) K using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. For each mixture, four isotherms were studied over the pressure range from (0.3 to 10.8) MPa. Molar compositions of the gravimetrically prepared methane-rich binary mixtures were approximately 0.01 butane and 0.02 isopentane, respectively, with the balance being methane. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.02 to 0.06) %. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, it was possible to measure densities in the homogeneous liquid phase without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Based on the supercritical liquefaction procedure, a new time-saving measurement procedure was developed and applied. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure calculated with an equation of state (EOS); here, the relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) is less than 0.05 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state, the EOS-LNG and the enhanced revised Klosek and McKinley (ERKM) method.

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Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Sorption Analysis of Functionalized Porous Materials

et al. 2022

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Functionalized porous materials could play a key role in improving the efficiency of gas separation processes as required by applications such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and across the hydrogen value chain. Due to the large number of different functionalizations, new experimental approaches are needed to determine if an adsorbent is suitable for a specific separation task. Here, it is shown for the first time that Raman spectroscopy is an efficient tool to characterize the adsorption capacity and selectivity of translucent functionalized porous materials at high pressures, whereby translucence is the precondition to study mass transport inside of a material. As a proof of function, the performance of three silica ionogels to separate an equimolar (hydrogen + carbon dioxide) gas mixture is determined by both accurate gravimetric sorption measurements and Raman spectroscopy, with the observed consistency establishing the latter as a novel measurement technique for the determination of adsorption capacity. These results encourage the use of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid screening method for translucent porous materials, particularly since only very small amounts of sample are required.

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Analysis of the systematic force-transmission error of the magnetic-suspension coupling in single-sinker densimeters and commercial gravimetric sorption analyzers

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

Density Measurements of (0.99 Methane + 0.01 Butane) and (0.98 Methane + 0.02 Isopentane) over the Temperature Range from (100 to 160) K at Pressures up to 10.8 MPa

Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Sorption Analysis of Functionalized Porous Materials

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