Analysis of the use or non-use of e-scooters, their integration in the city of Munich (Germany) and their potential as an additional mobility system

Analysis of attitudes and engagement of shared e-scooter users

“… The vast majority of trips that are now being conducted with a shared e-scooter would have been conducted on foot or with public transport if the e-scooters were not available. This result is in full agreement with previous research in the other European cities such as Vienna, Austria (Laa and Leth, 2020) and Munich, Germany (Sellaouti, Arslan and Hoffmann, 2020), as well as with the results of a study in Calgary, Canada which identifies that almost half trips would have been completed on foot (City of Calgary, 2020). However, this finding is interestingly in contrast with what studies from U.S. cities point out (San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2019;Portland Bureau of Transportation, 2018).…”

Sociopsychological factors associated with the adoption and usage of electric micromobility. A literature review

“…On the other end of the spectrum, several studies have found present cost and price as negatively influencing the use of e-MM (Nematchoua et al, 2020;Bielinski and Wazna, 2020;Behrendt, 2018;Ling et al, 2017;Popovich et al, 2014a;Elias and Gitelman, 2018;Fitt and Curl, 2019;Jones et al, 2016;Biegańska et al, 2021;De Ceunynck et al, 2021;Esztergár-Kiss and Lopez Lizarraga, 2021;Kazemzadeh and Koglin, 2021;Kwiatkowski et al, 2021;Sellaouti et al, 2020), both in terms of costs associated with private ownership of the vehicles (acquisition price and maintenance cost) as well as costs required to access shared vehicles (usage or monthly fees).…”

“…Safety. Safety is repeatedly found as the most negatively perceived factor by both users and non-users of e-MM (Bieliński et al, 2020;Jones et al, 2016;Sellaouti et al, 2020;Simsekoglu and Klöckner, 2019b;Ling et al, 2017;Rayaprolu and Venigalla, 2020;Elias and Gitelman, 2018;Zuev, 2018;Fitt and Curl, 2019;Bateman et al, 2021;Bielinski et al, 2021;De Ceunynck et al, 2021;Eccarius et al, 2021;Esztergár-Kiss and Lopez Lizarraga, 2021;Hardt et al, 2019;Munkacsy and Monzon, 2017). This unsafe perception is aggravated by most participants recognizing that in most cases infrastructure is not yet ready to support e-MM (i.e., not enough lanes or parking) (Nematchoua et al, 2020;Glavić et al, 2021;Bateman et al, 2021;Leger et al, 2019;Popovich et al, 2014a;Eccarius and Lu, 2018;Washington et al, 2018).…”

“…Andersson et al show how participants mention having fresh air in the morning and being fun as two factors that make them use e-bike . Indeed, fun and enjoyment is emphasized in several of the reviewed articles (Teixeira et al, 2021;Van Cauwenberg et al, 2019;Sellaouti et al, 2020;Leger et al, 2019;Ling et al, 2017;Macarthur, 2017;Pimentel and Lowry, 2020;Popovich et al, 2014a;Rayaprolu and Venigalla, 2020;Sanders et al, 2020;Dowling et al, 2015;Fitt and Curl, 2019;Bielinski and Wazna, 2020;Bateman et al, 2021;Biegańska et al, 2021;Eccarius et al, 2021;Kopplin et al, 2021;Rejali et al, 2021;Hyvönen et al, 2016;Plazier et al, 2017). Will et al study highlights how important is to experience fun and freedom as part of the riding experience when using an e-two-wheeler .…”

“…2021; Biegańska et al, 2021;De Ceunynck et al, 2021;Edel et al, 2021;Esztergár-Kiss and Lopez Lizarraga, 2021;Flores and Jansson, 1957;Kazemzadeh and Koglin, 2021;Kopplin et al, 2021;Kwiatkowski et al, 2021; Melia and Bartle, 2021;Van Cauwenberg et al, 2019; bureau de recherche 6t, 2019; Andersson AAdell et al, 2021;Arsenio et al, 2018;Bieliński et al, 2021;Hardt et al, 2019;Haustein and Møller, 2016a;Hiselius and Svenssona, 2014;Hyvönen et al, 2016;Kaplan et al, 2015;Krauss et al, 2022;Bielinski and Wazna, 2020;Munkacsy and Monzon, 2017;Plazier et al, 2017;Sellaouti et al, 2020;Simsekoglu and Klöckner, 2019b;Behrendt, 2018;Fyhri et al, 2017;Glavić et al, 2021;Jones et al, 2016;Kaplan et al, 2018;Simsekoglu and Klöckner, 2019a;Abouelela et al, 2021), where Germany (6) (Abouelela et al, 2021;Edel et al, 2021;Kopplin et al, 2021;Hardt et al, 2019;Krauss et al, 2022;Sellaouti et al, 2020), Poland (5) (Bielinski and Wazna, 2020;Kaplan et al, 2018;Biegańska et al, 2021;Kwiatkowski et al, 2021;Bieliński et al, 2021), Norwa...…”