Analysis of thermo-oxidation products of polypropylene and polyethylene by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Mitera, J.; Michal, Jan; Kubát, Jaroslav; Kubelka, V.

doi:10.1007/bf01155812

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This result clearly shows that both the rate of the oxidation reactions and the rate of evaporation of the degradation products increased rapidly in this temperature region. The dominant aldehyde was acetaldehyde (Table III), which also has been reported by Barabas et al16 The homologous series of higher aldehydes found in small amounts in the present investigation has also been reported on thermooxidation of PE at 350°C by Mitera et al6…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Oxidation can occur during extrusion in the extruder barrel through reaction with oxygen present in the polymer or at the die exit when the polymer melt comes into contact with surrounding air. The oxidized degradation products mainly consist of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids 6, 7. Many of these compounds have very characteristic taste and smell in very low concentrations (i.e., in the sub‐ppb level) 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion. I. Volatile compounds in smoke from extruded films

Andersson

Wesslén

Sandström

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Many problems with odor and taste in food packaging can be traced to degradation of the packaging materials during processing. From this starting point, the degradation of polyethylene in a commercial extrusion coating process was studied by analyzing degradation products present in smoke sampled at the extruder die orifice. Two low-density polyethylenes, A and B, with similar melt flow indexes and densities and obtained from different producers, were investigated. A third polymer, C, consisting of recycled material B, was also investigated. More than 40 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, together with 14 different carboxylic acids, were identified in the smoke. The highest concentration was found for acetaldehyde, regardless of polymer and processing conditions. Increasing the extrusion temperatures in the range 280 -325°C increased the amounts of the oxidized products in the smoke. The extruded film thickness, 12 and 25 m, influenced the concentrations of degradation products, with the thicker film giving higher amounts of product. The recycled polymer C generally gave lower concentrations of degradation products compared with the virgin polymer B. Differences in the product spectrum between the two virgin polymers may be related to differences in the manufacturing process. Many of the identified compounds have very characteristic taste and smell and are consequently of interest from an odor and taste point of view in food packaging applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion. I. Volatile compounds in smoke from extruded films

Andersson

Wesslén

Sandström

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Potential health impacts of the compounds may include sensory effects, target organ damage, nervous system and respiratory effects [29]. Work exposure limits for selected compounds produced during the thermal processing of polyethylene at > 325 °C are shown in Table 1 [30][31][32]. The resin type, residual monomer content, degree of stabilization and the presence of additives influence the characteristics of the VOCs emitted.…”

Section: Casting Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Waste Plastics in Developing Countries: Properties of Waste Plastic-Sand Composites

Kumi-Larbi

Galpin

Manjula

et al. 2022

Waste Biomass Valor

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Waste plastics are a major problem in developing countries, where efficient collection and recycling systems often do not exist. Plastic bonded sand composites provide a low-cost recycling alternative for selected waste plastics. This research has investigated the production and properties of plastic bonded sand manufactured using low-density and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE). Plastic bonded sand production in The Gambia was used as a case study to identify potential barriers to the technology. Processing was done by oven moulding, or a heat-mixing technique, and the properties of the LDPE and HDPE bonded sand samples formed have been determined. Processing at temperatures between 250 °C and 325 °C produced optimum compressive and flexural strengths. Higher processing temperatures reduced strength and lower temperatures produced inhomogeneous samples. Thermal plastic degradation occurs at 400 °C in N2 and 250 °C in air. Processing at temperatures below 250 °C in anoxic conditions is necessary to control off-gases. The optimum sand addition to produce the highest compressive strength was between 65 and 80%, depending on the sand particle size. HDPE produced higher maximum compressive strengths (37.1 MPa) compared to LDPE (27.2 MPa). Plastic bonded sand has increased strength, toughness, ductility, and thermal conductivity compared to C20/25 concrete and sandcrete and it can be used for wall construction blocks and paving tiles. The potential applications and implications of processing waste plastics in developing countries into plastic bonded sand are discussed. Graphical Abstract

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“…The formation of soot is more intensive than in the case of PA, PVC and PE, Mainly aliphatic and olefinic components could be detected by means of the C-C and GC/MS (see also Ref. 4,5,11). But speclal Interest has been focussed on the detection of the PAH.…”

Section: Polypropylene (Pp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The pyrolysis of polymers and identification of the soot adsorbed components

Klusmeier

Kettrup

Ohrbach

1989

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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Analysis of thermo-oxidation products of polypropylene and polyethylene by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion. I. Volatile compounds in smoke from extruded films

Degradation of low density polyethylene during extrusion. I. Volatile compounds in smoke from extruded films

Reuse of Waste Plastics in Developing Countries: Properties of Waste Plastic-Sand Composites

The pyrolysis of polymers and identification of the soot adsorbed components

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