Analysis of thiabendazole, 4-tert-octylphenol and chlorpyrifos in waste and sewage water by direct injection – micellar liquid chromatography

Abstract

A micellar liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of the pesticides thiabendazole and chlorpyrifos, as well as an alkylphenol, which is included in pesticide formulations, i.e., 4-tert-octylphenol, in water. A sample was filtered and directly injected, avoiding large extraction steps using toxic solvents, thus expediting the experimental procedure. The contaminants were eluted without interferences in <17 min, using a mobile phase of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate -6% 1-pentanol buffered at pH 3, running through a C18 column at 1 mL min −1 under the isocratic mode. This optimal mobile phase was selected using a statistical approach, which considers the retention factor, efficiency and peak shape of the analytes measured in only a few mobile phases. The detection was carried out by measuring absorbance at 220 nm. The method was successfully validated in terms of specificity, calibration range (0.5-10 mg L −1 ), linearity (r 2 > 0.994), limit of detection and quantification (0.2-0.3; and 0.5-0.8 mg L −1 , respectively), intra-and interday accuracy (95.2-102.9%), precision (<8.3%), and ruggedness (<9.3%). The stability in storage conditions (at least 14 days) was studied. The method was safe, inexpensive, produced little pollutant and has a short analysis time, thus it is useful for the routine analysis of samples. Finally, the method was applied to analyse wastewater from the fruit-processing industry, wastewater treatment plants, and in sewage water belonging to the Castelló area (Spain). The results were similar to those obtained by an already reliable method.

Fluorescence enhancement of fungicide thiabendazole by van der Waals interaction with transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets for highly specific sensors

“…22 Nevertheless, most of the methods proposed require the use of sophisticated equipment such as high performance liquid chromatography. 19,20 We show hereafter that a sensor based on our findings exhibits not only one of the lower detection limits reported (2.7 nM) but also high selectivity towards other compounds of the same family.…”

“…[19][20][21] In humans and livestock, TBZ has shown activity against the parasitic worms helminths, although a high dosage of TBZ in rats can be carcinogenic and the chronic exposure to benzimidazole residues has been linked with embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and anemia. 19,20 In agriculture, benzimidazoles are used for pre-and post-harvest treatments to avoid various fungi and can be applied directly to the soil or sprayed over the fields so these compounds can migrate to groundwater systems. Because they can be used for many applications, their use is widespread and they can be found in wastewaters from the agricultural industry and urban areas.…”

“…Because they can be used for many applications, their use is widespread and they can be found in wastewaters from the agricultural industry and urban areas. 19,21,22 Many different methods for the detection of TBZ have been proposed, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) (allowing the analysis in solid samples), 21 electrochemical 23 or different luminescence techniques. 22 Nevertheless, most of the methods proposed require the use of sophisticated equipment such as high performance liquid chromatography.…”

Determination of alkylphenols in water samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride

“…Although instrumentation meets some of these requirements, sample preparation that takes place prior to instrumental analysis is still under active research and development [12]. Chromatographic methods are used for determination of alkylphenols, for example micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) [13], gas chromatography [14][15][16] and liquid chromatography [17][18][19]. The alkylphenols and bisphenol A can be analyzed directly and/or after pre-column derivatization with various agents as shown in Table 1.…”

Electrochemical sensors of octylphenol based on molecularly imprinted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–gold nanoparticles)

“…4 Hence, the monitoring of OP in the environment is of great signicance. Generally, alkylphenols are detected by liquid chromatography [5][6][7][8] and gas chromatography. [9][10][11] Although electrochemical methods were also exploited for the determination of alkylphenols, most of them aimed at nonylphenol [12][13][14] and just a few concerned other alkylphenols.…”