Analysis of throwing power for megasonic assisted electrodeposition of copper inside THVs

Abstract

BackgroundAllopurinol has vascular antioxidant effects and participates in purinergic signalling within muscle. We tested whether allopurinol could improve skeletal muscle energetics and physical function in older people with impaired physical performance. MethodsWe conducted a randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial, comparing 20 weeks of allopurinol 600mg once daily versus placebo. We recruited community-dwelling participants aged 65 and over with baseline six-minute walk distance of <400m and no contraindications to MRI scanning. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 20 weeks. The primary outcome was post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate measured using 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf. Secondary outcomes included six-minute walk distance, short physical performance battery (SPPB), lean body mass measured by bioimpedance, endothelial function and quality of life. Results 124 participants were randomised, mean age 80 (SD 6) years. 59 (48%) were female, baseline six-minute walk distance was 293m (SD 80m) and baseline SPPB was 8.5 (SD 2.0). Allopurinol did not significantly improve phosphocreatine recovery rate (treatment effect Jones, Thomas et al. "Analysis of throwing power for megasonic assisted electrodeposition of copper inside THVs". Ultrasonics. 2020.

Review—Electroforming Process for Microsystems Fabrication

“…According to the findings, compared to the non-megasonic approach, megasonic agitation can significantly (by 45%) increase the amount of copper deposition within a THV. 82 In their study, Kaufmann et al suggest the use of megasonic acoustic agitation as a solution to improve rate of plating and the consistency of metal deposits during the electroforming process. Their findings demonstrate that this technique can produce uniform ultra-fine pitch bumps (25 m diameter, 50 m pitch) and effectively metallize high aspect ratio microvias, as depicted in Figure 25a.…”

A systematic review on high speed selective jet electrodeposition manufacturing

“…In addition to an external source of energy in conventional electrodeposition, e.g. acoustic source (Jones et al , 2020), magnetic field (Jiang et al , 2018; Yoo et al , 2004), ultrasonic vibration (Tan et al , 2018; Li et al , 2020; Li and Zhang, 2020) and laser (Fan et al , 2018a; Wang et al , 2019), etc. are some other advancements to produce the improvised surface finish.…”