Analysis of Total and Incremental Losses in Transmission Systems

Practical multi‐area bi‐objective environmental economic dispatch equipped with a hybrid gradient search method and improved Jaya algorithm

“…As can be seen in (8), the losses are dependent on loading of each individual generating unit through a set of constants. Compared with other loss formula [29], this technique is extensively common in many literatures [10, 14, 19, 20, 22, 23] and is derived by Kron [27] using tensorial methods, with a significantly lower computational and measurement requirements [29, 30]. The existence of off‐nominal turn ratios and their illustration on an AC power network analyser with several interconnected transmission systems are considered in tensorial techniques to drive (8).…”

Analysis of losses in loop-interconnected systems

“…1 This method makes it possible to study a group of interconnected com panies which could not be represented simultaneously on the network analyzer.…”

Service identification and allocation in market-based power system operation

“…The quadratic characteristic of this loss with respect to generator power was recognized early in 19.50s [81], where a B-matri.x loss formula (Equation 6.22) was used to represent the system loss.…”

“…Pi = P'^ BP + BIT + Boo (6.22) However, the difficulty in obtaining the B-matri.\ prevented the accurate on-line economic dispatch and other applications. In 1970's, a simplified and improved method for calculating transmission loss formula was proposed in [82], where many of the assumptions used in [81] were relaxed and loss coefficients could be easily updated on line to represent actual network conditions. Both references showed that under normal operating conditions (Vj and Vj are constants and close to 1. and 8ij is very small), the transmission loss is approximately a second-order function of the real power inputs.…”