Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of the Most Widely Consumed Fruits

Rahim, Muhammad; Saqib, Najm Us; Wahid, Fazal I; Khan, Nadir; Alrawi, Luqman I.

doi:10.21315/jps2020.31.2.5

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Elbagermi et al [51] described similar mean con-centrations of the metals Pb and Cd, with values of 0.20 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, in orange fruit samples. Rahim et al [55] reported that the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in oranges were 0.0392 ± 0.0071 and 0.0106 ± 0.0003 mg/kg, respectively. Despite the presence of Pb in the soil and water samples, only a small quantity of Pb was present in the fruits' edible parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elbagermi et al [51] reported that the mean concentration of Ni was 1.099 ± 0.368 mg/kg in orange fruit samples. Rahim et al [55] reported that the mean amount of Ni in oranges was 0.1608 ± 0.0043 mg/kg. Ni was only present in the fruit samples in negligible amounts, due to the limited translocation of Ni in the edible portion of the fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater Sources on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Kinnow and Grapefruit Samples and Health Risks from Consumption

Khan,

Haider,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

Water

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This study aimed to assess the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni in the edible parts of grapefruit and kinnow fruit irrigated with sewage water, tube-well water, and canal water. Preparation of the samples used in the study for metal analysis was carried out by the wet acid digestion method. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for metal determination. All of the studied metals were more abundant in water, soil, and fruit samples from sites irrigated with sewage water than from those irrigated with tube-well and canal water. The concentrations of Pb were established in the range of 0.047 to 0.175 mg/L in water, 12.652 to 47.863 mg/kg in soil, and 0.023 to 0.124 mg/kg in fruit samples of both varieties. The range of Cr varied from 0.107 to 0.741 mg/L in water, from 1.121 to 5.835 mg/kg in soil, and from 0.054 to 0.784 mg/kg in fruit samples of both varieties. The range of Cd varied from 0.004 to 0.028 mg/L in water, from 1.258 to 4.246 mg/kg in soil, and from 0.012 to 0.131 mg/kg in fruit samples of both varieties. The range of Ni varied from 0.384 to 1.815 mg/L in water, from 5.367 to 18.658 mg/kg in soil, and from 0.028 to 1.475 mg/kg in fruit samples of both varieties. The pollution load index indicated that Pb exceeded a value of 1, while Cd and Ni exceeded 1 only in sewage-water-irrigated sites. The bioconcentration factor, enrichment factor, daily intake of metal, and health risk index values for all metals were below 1, within permissible limits, indicating no immediate health risks associated with consuming these fruits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater Sources on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Kinnow and Grapefruit Samples and Health Risks from Consumption

Khan,

Haider,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

Water

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“…Muhammad Rahim et al 30 reported heavy metals like Cr, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb in Pomegranate, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The average concentration was 0.0750 mg/kg, 0.0095 mg/kg,0.0538 mg/kg, 0.0083 mg/kg and 0.0830 mg/kg respectively.…”

Section: Elements In Pomegranatementioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and clinical effects with elemental contents of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts: A review

Qahir

Kakar

Khan

et al. 2021

Baghdad J. Biochem. Appl. Biol. Sci.

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Background: Pomegranate belongs to the family of Punicaceae. It has deciduous shrubs. Pomegranate is generally cultivated in Afghanistan, China, Iran, India, Pakistan, USA. Objective: This study aimed to review the pomegranate peels for exploring their importance in the field of health. Results: This review showed that Pomegranate is used as food and plays a vital role in the medicinal field. Because pomegranate fruit and its peel extraction contain various compounds like antioxidants, phenolic Acid, Flavonoids, Tannins etc., that have been found very effective in the health field. Due to the presence of antioxidants and other active compounds, pomegranates' peel is imperative for the betterment of human health. Besides, various medicines such as antidiarrheal medicine may be prepared from the peel extract of Pomegranate. Peel extract can act against various microbes such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, S. aureus etc. The pomegranate strip and root remove have been accounted for in creatures to diminish blood glucose activity. Conclusion: It concludes that further research is needed to explore the hidden characteristics of pomegranate peel.

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“…Contamination of various food items including raw milk with heavy metals like Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cd and Pb is becoming a serious problem due to their penetration into the food chains (R. Muhammad, Najm, Fazal, Nadir, & Luqman, 2020;Rahim & Mas Haris, 2015). Heavy metals like Cd and Pb are non-essential and toxic elements even at trace levels due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and non-biodegradable nature (Rahim & Mas Haris, 2019;Saqib, Khan, Alam, & Rahim, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Quantification of Trace Elements and Toxic Metals in Raw Milk Samples of Peshawar City, Pakistan

Khan,

Ullah,

Wahid

et al. 2024

IJEEG

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The present study focused on the physicochemical characterization and spectrophotometric determination ofthe concentrations of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and toxic heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in raw milk samplescollected from various commercial sites of Peshawar city, Pakistan. Evaluation of the nutritional values as well as thepossible health concerns associated with the consumption of contaminated milk shown the average percentagecomposition of protein, fats, solid non-fats, lactose, salts and added water in the milk sample as 2.78, 4.81, 6.41, 3.05,0.47 and 31.1 %, respectively. The values of pH, conductivity, density and freezing point were observed as 6.59, 3.51mS/cm, 1.04 g/mL and -0.3674 ºC at 26 ºC. The physicochemical characteristics such as percentage protein, fat,lactose, salts, water, solid not fat, total solids, pH, conductivity and density were evaluated and found in the safe limitsof the WHO/FAO. The average concentration of trace elements such as zinc and copper were found to be 1.4035 mg/Land 0.2588 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of Zn and Cu was found within permissible limits suggested byWHO. However, the average concentration of Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb were found higher than the permissible limits ofWHO. The observed concentrations were: Fe = 1.5553, Mn = 0.4354, Cd = 0.1865 and Pb = 1.1162 mg/L. Thepresence of the non-essential and hazardous Cd and Pb in milk samples even in lower concentrations may cause severehealth problems since these are the most noxious pollutants due to their non-biodegradable and bio-accumulativenature. Over-dose of Fe and Mn also leads to several health issues. A thorough and more precise investigation of rawmilk consumption in Peshawar is highly recommended to ascertain the actual reasons and sources in the larger publicinterests.

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Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of the Most Widely Consumed Fruits

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The Effects of Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater Sources on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Kinnow and Grapefruit Samples and Health Risks from Consumption

The Effects of Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater Sources on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Kinnow and Grapefruit Samples and Health Risks from Consumption

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and clinical effects with elemental contents of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts: A review

Spectrophotometric Quantification of Trace Elements and Toxic Metals in Raw Milk Samples of Peshawar City, Pakistan

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