Analysis of Toxigenic Fusarium Species Associated with Wheat Grain from Three Regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia

Abstract

Wheat grains collected in three regions of Russia—Volga, Ural, and West Siberia—were analyzed for triangulation of methods in analysis of toxigenic Fusarium species. The presence of fungi and quantitative content of their biomass were detected by using various analytical methods, including a mycological and immunochemical methods, and quantitative PCR. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were applied for determination of mycotoxins. Regional differences were found regarding the contamination of wheat grain by Fusarium fungi and their toxins. The most important observation was the detection of F. graminearum in the Ural and West Siberian regions, where this pathogen had not been found previously. A maximum damaged grains by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides was found in the grain samples from West Siberia. The DNA of F. graminearum was detected in 19.2% and DNA of F. sporotrichioides was found in 84.1% of the analyzed grain samples. The amount of Fusarium antigens in the grain samples from the West Siberian region was 7–8 times higher than in the grain samples from the other two regions. Significant contamination of the grain with deoxynivalenol and T-2/HT-2 toxins (maximum contents were 2239 ppb and 199 ppb, respectively) was detected in the West Siberian region.

Microbiological quality of grain cultivated in the North Caucasus region in 2019

“…Moreover, a positive correlation between the amount of Tri-Fusarium DNA and both DON and ZEN amounts (r=0.88 and r=0.79, respectively) was established. The obtained data are in accordance with the results of our studies carried out previously, in which a strong positive relationship between F. graminearum and its toxic secondary metabolites was demonstrated [24,25].…”

Evidence of Microdochium Fungi Associated with Cereal Grains in Russia

“…This territory has rarely suffered from snow mold disease because of the poor snow cover in the fields in winter and the rapid arrival of spring [40]. Recently, Microdochium fungi were detected on the heads, which resembled the symptoms of Fusarium head blight, in seeds, and on the flag leaves of winter wheat [1,36,41] (Supplementary Materials Figure S2).…”

“…(Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The analysis of the mycotoxins was carried out as described previously [35,36]. In total, 31 mycotoxins were analyzed: 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G1, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, beauvericin, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisin B1, B2, and B3, HT-2 toxin, fusarenon-X, moniliformin, mycophenolic acid, neosolaniol, nivalenol, ochratoxin A and B, patulin, sterigmatocystin, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid, T-2 toxin, T-2 triol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol.…”

LATEST INFORMATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM LANGSETHIAE, THE PRODUCER OF T-2 AND HT-2 TOXINS, IN RUSSIA

“…С помощью иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) и метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) анализировали содержание микотоксинов в зерне, а также определяли токсинопродуцирующую способность штаммов F. langsethiae. Детектирование и количественное определение микотоксинов осуществляли по сертифицированным методикам (Кононенко и др., 1999;Гагкаева, Гаврилова, 2013;Gagkaeva et al, 2019Gagkaeva et al, , 2020.…”

“…Заболевание сопровождалось головной болью, высокой температурой, рвотой, последующим геморрагическим диатезом с образованием кровоточащих некротических язв на слизистых пищеварительного тракта и коже. Исследования токсикологической чистоты зерна, выращенного в России, неоднократно выявляли его загрязнение Т-2 и НТ-2 токсинами (Кононенко, Буркин, 2009;Кононенко и др., 2018;Gagkaeva et al, 2019).…”