Field and sensitive analysis of mercury species in seafood
is helpful
to assess the risk of human exposure to mercury, but the cumbersome
pretreatment process is time-consuming and laborious. Herein, a simple
one-pot pretreatment system is designed for extraction, separation,
and enrichment of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) and methylmercury (MeHg)
in fish, and coupled to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma
optical emission spectrometry (OES). Both Hg(II) and MeHg species
in fish can be effectively extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide
under ultrasound, then separated from the fish matrix by vapor generation
and photochemical vapor generation, and finally enriched on the activated
carbon electrode tips. Mercury trapped on the activated carbon electrode
tips can be rapidly released to produce OES under the DBD microplasma
excitation for quantitative analysis. The pretreatment and analysis
of a batch of 12 samples are completed within 50 min, and the extraction
efficiency of total mercury is up to 90% for 100 mg of freeze-dried
fish or 86% for 1 g of fresh fish. Under the optimized conditions,
the detection limits are 2 μg kg–1 for Hg(II)
and 1.2 μg kg–1 for MeHg in freeze-dried fish,
and precisions are 3.2% for Hg(II) and 3.9% for MeHg. The present
method is applied to the analysis of the certified reference material
and real marine fishes, giving rise to spiked recoveries of 95–103%.
The present system hardly leads to MeHg and Hg(II) transforming into
each other during extraction, providing a simple, convenient, and
low-cost analytical tool to evaluate the risk of mercury species in
fish.