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One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the west of Bagdad city, this intersection realizes a huge traffic, and there are a lot of tourist attractions near to the study area. The aim of this research is to enhance traffic operations, improve the level of service and decrease the delay in Al-Ameria signalized intersection by examine four suggested alternative. Special teams with a special tools are collected traffic and geometric data for the intersection. HCS 2010 program are used in this study to measure the delay and evaluate the level of service in each approach and for the hall of the intersection. The result of this study show that the intersection is operated under the breakdown condition with level of service F for all approaches. The results highlighted that the fourth alternative is the best suitable suggestion to enhance the level of service for the intersection. The fourth alternative recommended to construct a flyover from the North bound towards the South bound the level of service improve from F to C for the base year and for the target year.
One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the west of Bagdad city, this intersection realizes a huge traffic, and there are a lot of tourist attractions near to the study area. The aim of this research is to enhance traffic operations, improve the level of service and decrease the delay in Al-Ameria signalized intersection by examine four suggested alternative. Special teams with a special tools are collected traffic and geometric data for the intersection. HCS 2010 program are used in this study to measure the delay and evaluate the level of service in each approach and for the hall of the intersection. The result of this study show that the intersection is operated under the breakdown condition with level of service F for all approaches. The results highlighted that the fourth alternative is the best suitable suggestion to enhance the level of service for the intersection. The fourth alternative recommended to construct a flyover from the North bound towards the South bound the level of service improve from F to C for the base year and for the target year.
No abstract
A precise location in aerial surveying can only be achieved using Ground Control Points GCPs. At least three point should be used and as the number increases the model will be more precise in X, Y and Z positions for a certain extent. The distribution of the GCPs also affect the precision of the 3D model resulted from the aerial imaging. This study aims to find the optimum number and distribution of the GCPs to achieve the minimal error in points location. 1.5 km2 of longitudinal area was imaged with a commercial UAV named DJI Mavic 2 pro with at nadir camera orientation at height of 100 m above the ground. A total of 1515 images were taken with average ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2.3 cm. Deferential Global Positioning System DGPS Leica GS 15 receiver were used to observe the 62 ground control points with PPK fashion. The project area was divided into two regions the first region has a parallel distribution of GCPs and the second region has a zigzag distribution. The images were processed using Pix4Dmapper and Agisoft Metashape software by applying a bundle adjustment process with an incremental number of GCPs starting with 3 and finishes with 26 for each distribution pattern, the remaining points were used as a check points to determine the precision of the model at each trial. The resulted coordinates of check points were compared with the coordinates observed with the DGPS. The comparison depicts the optimum number of GCPs required for the best location precision and the best distribution pattern.
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