Analysis of Transfer of Tiamulin to Animal Tissue after Oral Administration: An Important Factor for Ensuring Food Safety and Environmental Protection

Abstract

The administration of veterinary medicinal products containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate (THF) leads to the appearance of the following residues in animal tissues: THF and metabolites that can be hydrolyzed to 8-α-hydroxymutilin. The marker residue for tiamulin, according to Regulation EEC 2377/90, is the sum of the metabolites that can be hydrolyzed to 8-α-hydroxymutilin. The main aim of this study was to analyze the depletion of tiamulin residues and metabolites that can be hydrolyzed to 8-α-hydroxymulinin by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in pig, rabbit and bird tissues after tiamulin administration and to determine minimum withdrawal times for products of animal origin intended for human consumption. Tiamulin was administered orally as follows: 12,000 µg/kg body weight/day for 7 days to pigs and rabbits and 20,000 µg tiamulin/kg body weight/day for 7 days to broiler chickens and turkeys. The values found for tiamulin marker residues were 3 times higher in liver than in muscle in pigs, 6 times in rabbits and 8–10 times in birds. The content of tiamulin residues in eggs from laying hens was below 1000 µg/kg at all times of analysis. The minimum withdrawal times for animal products intended for human consumption, resulting from this study, are 5 days for pigs, rabbits and turkeys, 3 days for broiler chickens and 0 days for eggs.

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of Penicillin G in a Veterinary Product Using an Original Software Method and Monitoring by SPE-Online-UHPLC-MS/MS

“…β-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, the first β-lactam antibiotic discovered) are not usually detected in the aquatic environments analyzed in Europe due to their high lability to heat, light, extreme pH, metal ions, oxidizing and reducing agents, nucleophiles and solvents, such as water, which lead to their hydrolysis under ambient temperature and pH conditions. However, based on several studies carried out in the EU, the ranges of β-lactam concentrations in water were determined, namely: 18-6196 ng/L in the influent of used water treatment plants, 47-1205 ng/L in the eluent of wastewater treatment plants and 3.57-552 ng/L in surface waters [17,[41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of tiamulin and its metabolites in Crucian carp (Carassius carassius): an in vivo metabolism and tissue distribution study

“…When the Oasis HLB SPE column was used for the extraction, pigment deposition occurred, and the color gradually deepened with the increased loading volume, eventually leading to the blockage of the solid phase extraction column and causing losses. In summary, the samples were ultimately extracted with 2% formic acid-acetonitrile, processed by ultrasonic centrifugation, and purified by passing through the Oasis MCX SPE column (Yin et al, 2016). Ciucăet al (Ciucăet al, 2023 established a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/ MS) method for analyzing TML residues in pig, rabbit and poultry tissues.…”

Establishment of withdrawal time and analysis of tiamulin residue in tissues of orally dosed broiler chickens

“…한편, TML은 ionophore계 항콕시듐제인 모넨신, 살리노마이신, 나라신 등과 같이 사용하게 되면 폐사를 포 함한 상호작용이 발생하기 때문에 TML과 병행해서 사용하면 안된 다 [11]. TML은 인체에 사용되지 않고 있어서, 가축의 식용 조직에 잔류할 경우에, 인체에 다양한 생물학적 부작용과 알레르기 반응을 유발할 수 있다 [12]. 따라서 인체의 안전을 보장하기 위해서는 동물 용의약품을 처치한 동물 유래 식용 제품에서 항생제 등 동물용의약 품의 잔류를 방지하는 것이 필수적이다 [13].…”