A series of 4
-
(arylmethylene)-3-isochromanones have been prepared with base-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation starting from 3-isochromanone and aromatic aldehydes. The outcome of the reaction- the isomeric composition of the products depends on the aromatic aldehyde applied. These reactions afforded mostly the more stable
E
-diastereoisomer, but some condensations resulted in the Z-diastereoisomer or mixture of the stereoisomers (
1
–
16
). The products showed antifungal effect against some pathogenic fungi. We wanted to extend this study and to synthesize a new generation of 4
-
(arylmethylene)-3-isochromanones. These condensations led mostly to
E
-diastereoisomers (
17
–
30
). The structure verifications were performed by FT IR,
1
H and
13
C NMR methods. Both the
1
–
16
and the novel
17
–
30
compounds have been screened against the three yeast models, fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
(wild-type, and
pbr1-6
and
pbr1-8
mutants resistant to specific cell wall synthesis inhibitors), budding yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(wild-type and
pbr1-1
) and pathogenic yeast
Candida albicans
(wild-type, ATCC 26555, 90028 and SC5314). Osmotic protection with sorbitol attenuated the
in vivo
inhibition in living cells suggesting a cell wall-specific antifungal effect. Moreover, the
S. pombe
wild-type and mutant strains were tested for their resistant or sensitive
in vitro
β(1,3)-glucan synthase (GS) activity. We found both
in vivo
in living cells and
in vitro
in the enzymatic GS assay a synergistic effect of higher sensitivity of the
pbr1
mutants resistant to the specific GS inhibitors papulacandins and echinocandins. These results may provide new insights into new strategies of combined antifungal therapy of GS inhibitors directed against spontaneous mutants resistant to echinocandins.