Analysis of volatile fraction of sweetie (Citrus maxima × Citrus paradisi) and its parent fruit using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry

Abstract

The quality of the fruit is affected by several main ingredients and the aroma plays a fundamental role during the selection of fruit by consumers. In the case where several fruit have similar aromas and only one of them has specific health properties, it is very important to find the differences in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition to distinguish these samples. Such situations are often found for hybrid fruit. Sweetie is a hybrid of grapefruit and pummelo. Sweetie fruit is characterized by high antioxidant potential and a positive effect on human health. The aim of this study was to verify the unique volatile compositional traits of three species of citrus fruit. Proton transfer reaction Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) was utilized to obtain the mass-resolved fingerprints of VOCs. The chemical formula of these VOC masses was tentatively identified. Principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between the groups.Graphical abstract

The behavioral sensitivity of mice to acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes

“…In such cases where a volatile compound was identified as one of a couple possibilities (e.g., rlimonene or s-limonene), the concentration value was assigned to both odorants. Our literature review included headspace volatile analyses from several vegetables (carrot, tomato, and cucumber [38][39][40][41]), fruits / fruit juices (blueberry, peach, tangerine, tangerine peel, grapefruit, strawberry, strawberry sepals, orange juice, apple, quince, litchi, and loquat [40,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]), spices (saffron, black and white pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg [51]), and several other items (tea, almonds, cocoa beans, animal urine, bread, olive oil, truffles, and pine needles [40,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]).…”

Rapid Determination of Different Ripening Stages of Occidental Pears (Pyrus communis L.) by Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS)

“…The decrease in concentrations of fatty acids (see next paragraph) in the overripe period might be the reason for this delay. Fragment of monoterpenes [13,25] 1 VOCs tentative identifications were concluded based on the corresponding relationships and fragmentation patterns of previous research.…”

“…The concentrations of these m/z showed a significant increase in the overripe period (Figure 4 H-J). Monoterpenes and their fragments have been observed in the research on citrus and mangoes [25,42]. Accurate identification of some compounds, especially isomers, is a problem for PTR-MS. Getting the inspiration from selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), researchers have modified PTR-MS with switchable reagent ion (SRI) to overcome this problem [43].…”

“…Rozanska et al employed Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) to discriminate between three distinct citrus fruit species. The primary VOCs in citrus were conclusively identified, leading to the clear separation of these species [25]. Evaluating the potential of PTR-TOF-MS in monitoring the evolution of volatile compounds during post-harvest ripening, the researchers analyzed the compounds released from three apple cultivars [26].…”

Analytical methods for the analysis of volatile natural products

“…PTR-TOF-MS was also utilized to obtain the mass-resolved fingerprints of VOCs of three species of citrus fruit (grapefruit, pummelo, and sweetie). 192 The application of the PCA allowed to select volatile organic compounds characteristic for a studied citrus species. Based on the obtained results, they concluded that esters and acetic acid were associated with pummelo samples, while limonene and linalool were related to grapefruit and sweetie samples, respectively.…”