Analysis of volatile nanoparticles emitted from diesel engine using TOF-SIMS and metal-assisted SIMS (MetA-SIMS)

Inoue, Masae; Murase, Atsushi; Yamamoto, Masami; Kubo, Shuichi

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.169

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is consistent with other findings that other low volatility hydrocarbons, not found in lubricating oil but potentially formed when subjected to high temperature cylinder conditions, such as organic acids, impact nucleation (Arnold et al 2012). Furthermore, very low volatility oxygenated hydrocarbons have been measured in diesel nucleation mode particles (Inoue et al 2006). Other work points towards simultaneous nucleation of sulfuric and organic vapors as the explanation that best fits experimental data (Pirjola et al 2015).…”

Section: ½2supporting

confidence: 90%

Size and volatility of particle emissions from an ethanol-fueled HCCI engine

Swanson

Franklin

Bika

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A scanning mobility particle sizer was used to determine the size, number, and mass concentration of particle emissions from an ethanol-fueled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Semi-volatile particle composition was characterized using tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA). Variable temperature thermal conditioning was used to gain insight into particle volatility and a catalytic stripper was used to determine the solid particle distribution. Four engine conditions were evaluated, including low to moderate range loads and motoring (deceleration, coasting). Results indicated that aerosol from a fully premixed HCCI engine under firing conditions is formed almost entirely via nucleation of semi-volatile material originating from the lubricating oil. TDMA analysis indicated 98% of total particle volume evaporated below 100 C. Results pointed towards homogeneous nucleation of precursors derived from the organic species in the lubricating oil, possibly in combination with a sulfur species. The motoring condition, with no fuel injected, exhibited the highest number and mass concentrations. During motoring, there was poor sealing leading to increased atomization of oil and associated ash emissions. Emissions were lower during firing with better sealing and much less atomization, but evaporation of the most volatile fractions of the lubricating oil still led to significant PM emissions consisting of nearly entirely semi-volatile particles containing very little ash.

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Section: ½2supporting

confidence: 90%

Size and volatility of particle emissions from an ethanol-fueled HCCI engine

Swanson

Franklin

Bika

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The total PSD spectrum is the best t for the nucleation and accumulation mode spectrum, and the integrated total number under this best t spectrum is considered as the total particle number concentration. 36 In addition, the presence of fewer accumulation mode particles/ soot for the microalgal biodiesel blends could also enhance this process. Therefore, a trend in TPN emissions among different biodiesel blends is not expected here ( Fig.…”

Section: Particle Number (Pn) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle emissions from microalgae biodiesel combustion and their relative oxidative potential

Rahman

Stevanović

Islam

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Microalgae are considered to be one of the most viable biodiesel feedstocks for the future due to their potential for providing economical, sustainable and cleaner alternatives to petroleum diesel. This study investigated the particle emissions from a commercially cultured microalgae and higher plant biodiesels at different blending ratios. With a high amount of long carbon chain lengths fatty acid methyl esters (C20 to C22), the microalgal biodiesel used had a vastly different average carbon chain length and level of unsaturation to conventional biodiesel, which significantly influenced particle emissions. Smaller blend percentages showed a larger reduction in particle emission than blend percentages of over 20%. This was due to the formation of a significant nucleation mode for the higher blends. In addition measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS), showed that the oxidative potential of particles emitted from the microalgal biodiesel combustion were lower than that of regular diesel. Biodiesel oxygen content was less effective in suppressing particle emissions for biodiesels containing a high amount of polyunsaturated C20-C22 fatty acid methyl esters and generated significantly increased nucleation mode particle emissions. The observed increase in nucleation mode particle emission is postulated to be caused by very low volatility, high boiling point and high density, viscosity and surface tension of the microalgal biodiesel tested here. Therefore, in order to achieve similar PM (particulate matter) emission benefits for microalgal biodiesel likewise to conventional biodiesel, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with high amounts of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (≥C20) may not be desirable in microalgal biodiesel composition.

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“…Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) uses a primary ion beam to desorb and ionize the compounds on the sample surface. While TOF‐SIMS is widely used in the field of material sciences, its use in aerosol science is quite limited due to the commonly occurring post‐ionization dissociation reactions that lead to very complex mass spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%