Analysis of Wave Propagation Models With Radio Network Planning Using Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Base Station Applications

Abstract

Dual polarized printed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for Band 42 (3.4 -3.6 GHz) with wave propagation models is presented. Polarization and spatial diversity are achieved by utilizing two printed bow-tie antennas in orthogonal orientation. The designed dual polarized antenna element with 2×2, 4×4 and 8×8 massive MIMO antenna configuration radiation patterns are deployed in selected geographical situation for detailed radio network planning using FEKO WinProp platform. Knife edge diffraction, extended walfisch-ikegami and dominant path wave propagation models are implemented with designed MIMO antenna configurations. Modulation schemes of QPSK and QAM with corresponding data rates and throughput for all propagation models are presented. The signal strength and quality reflecting parameters reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) are also evaluated for each model. From the simulation results dominant path model provides data rate and throughput of 3.827, 995 MBit/s and 3.577, 930.1 MBit/s for single stream of data in uplink and downlink respectively. The maximum data rate of 1.37 GBits/s is achieved for deployed base stations with 8×8 massive MIMO antenna configuration effectively covering the entire geographical site.

Dual-Polarized MIMO Antenna System for 5G Indoor base Station Applications

“…5G has brought about faster speeds, wider coverage, and an end to the long-awaited latency and congestion problems compared to 4G. Although sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands are recommended for 5G, most countries initially used sub-6 bands due to network availability; e.g., 3.42-3.70 GHz, India: 3.4-3.6 GHz, Australia: 3.4-3.7 GHz, Europe: 3.4-3.8 GHz, China: 3.3-3.6 GHz, USA: 3.10-3.55 GHz and 3.7-4.2 GHz [1][2]. Indoor 5G base station antennas that cover both the new licenced sub-6 GHz bands as well as the existing 2G/3G/4G bands are in high demand.…”

“…Unidirectional radiation patterns, a high overall efficiency, and decoupled ports are all required for these antennas. Furthermore, low-problem, easy-manufacturing, and low-cost qualities are also highly valued for simple and quick antenna installation in indoor scenarios [2,4,5] Base station antennas have attracted a lot of attention in recent decades, with many types of antennas and structures. Patch antennas, slot antennas, and cross dipole antennas are the most common antennas, with polarization diversity techniques utilizing diverse polarizations becoming increasingly prevalent for base station antennas.…”

“…Patch antennas, slot antennas, and cross dipole antennas are the most common antennas, with polarization diversity techniques utilizing diverse polarizations becoming increasingly prevalent for base station antennas. For base station antennas, dual polarization antennas are chosen because of their unique qualities for overcoming multipath fading and improving channel capacity such as bow-tie antennas in orthogonal orientation in [2,5,6], cross-dipoles fed with balun in [7][8], crossed elliptic-H slots in [9], two pairs of folded radiation petals in [10], two crossed bow-tie dipoles in [11]. In developing base station antennas, the ability to increase channel capacity and resist the effect of multipath fading with polarization diversity acquired highest priority.…”

“…In developing base station antennas, the ability to increase channel capacity and resist the effect of multipath fading with polarization diversity acquired highest priority. The present evolution of 5G networks is focused on the ability to multiplex data streams in parallel with time or frequency resources via multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems [2,6,11,12]. Furthermore, the potential to increase the data throughput in 5G indoor base stations through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a widely desired feature.…”

“…Furthermore, the potential to increase the data throughput in 5G indoor base stations through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a widely desired feature. Multiple port antennas with highly isolated ports and independent radiation patterns with a low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) between them are required for MIMO functioning [2,4,7,12].…”