Analysis of Work Related Factors, Behavior, Well-Being Outcome, and Job Satisfaction of Workers of Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The workloads of emergency medical service personnel (EMS) are varied. In the absence of recovery, health consequences can result. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature on the associations between psychosocial or physical work factors on one hand and the well-being outcomes and job satisfaction on the other hand. Methods: A systematic literature review examining the workloads, behavior, and well-being of EMS including emergency physicians, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for the reporting systematic reviews, was performed. The PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Psyndex, and Embase electronic databases were used. Results: Thirty-three studies were included. These were divided into studies that predominantly focused on the behavior (6), stress and strain (22), and well-being (5) of EMS. Only four studies also examined emergency physicians. The studies indicated a high prevalence of psychological and physical stress factors. Burnout and posttraumatic stress disorders have been the most studied consequences of mismatched stress. The health status variable performs better in conjunction with higher qualifications. Age is not a protective variable in some studies. Conclusions: EMS workloads are varied and must be assessed on an individual basis. Studies on emergency physicians are needed. Organizational and personal measures must become the focus of health promotion and prevention in the workplace.

Correlation between Employee Performance, Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction in Sedentary Jobs in Slovenian Enterprises

“…As in most of Europe, Slovenia is also facing the challenge of sedentary behavior as part of modern work conditions. This is the first time that Slovenian enterprises were researched in terms of sedentary work conditions, concerning job satisfaction, life satisfaction and well-being on work performance, which is the main novelty of the work and presents the possibility of comparing findings with other studies [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], such as the effect of COVID-19 [ 5 , 47 ], remote job options and cross-country differences [ 53 ] or socio-economics status in the relationship between leadership and well-being [ 54 ]. The main gaps, which are supplemented by our studies, are, in addition to finding the correlations between some factors and work performance in sedentary jobs, encouraging similar further studies with the final goal of determine the factors that correlate most with job performance in sedentary work conditions.…”

“…The findings from this study also led to the conclusion that sedentary jobs in the studied companies require complex human resource management. Therefore, more complex studies are needed in this field, with special monitoring and maybe even with human resource index (HRI) measurements, e.g., [ 43 ], which is the current trend in economics, as well as the new reality in economics [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ] and in society.…”

“…There are also always questions connected to lifestyle, in modern society especially related to eating habits [ 45 ]. The dynamic, adaptable complex approaches are especially important in recent years in response to COVID-19, connected with changes in general lifestyle, physical activity patterns, and sedentary behavior and associations with mental health [ 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], especially in computer workers, as one of the most typical sedentary works. In recent years, authors have suggested different models for the balance between work and life for subjective well-being, e.g., the moderated mediation model [ 50 ], or they have written about exploring the nature and antecedents of employee energetic well-being at work and job performance [ 51 ].…”

Psychische und körperliche Belastung im Rettungsdienst: Zusammenhang des arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltens und der Beanspruchungsfolgen

“…Die Studienlage zeigt, dass die Belastungen und Beanspruchungen von Einsatzkräften sehr komplex sind, und verdeutlicht den weiteren Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich Gesundheits-und Arbeitsschutzes im RD [1,26,27]. Insbesondere fehlen Untersuchungen zum arbeitsbezogenen Verhalten bei der Anforderungsbewältigung [14].…”

The role of emotion regulation strategies on healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19

“…The impact of work-related stressors on healthcare workers' mental health has been widely studied due to its consequences. These professionals daily face a large number of work-related stressors inherent to their job, such as night shifts, high workload, time pressure, repeated and frequent exposure to potentially traumatic events, end-of-life care management, or making vital decisions of high ethical and emotional impact (Chuang et al, 2016;De Hert, 2020;Thielmann et al, 2022;Woo et al, 2020). The constant exposure to these risk factors without enough time to recover makes them more prone to develop some psychological problems than the general population, such as depression, burnout, or PTSD (Adam & Golu, 2021;De Hert, 2020;D'Ettorre et al, 2020;Karanikola et al, 2015).…”