Analysis on Binding Energy and Auger Parameter for Estimating Size and Stoichiometry of ZnO Nanorods

Bera, Santanu; Dhara, Sandip; Velmurugan, S.; Tyagi, A.K.

doi:10.1155/2012/371092

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Auger parameter of Zn value (2009.61 eV) is in close agreement with the previously reported ZnO nanostructures, which confirms the formation of ZnO[48,13].Fig. 7 (c) displays the XPS spectra of O 1s region of ZnO nanorods.…”

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confidence: 88%

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods on a flexible Phynox alloy substrate: influence of growth temperature on their properties

et al. 2015

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A novel flexible alloy substrate (Phynox, 50 µm thick) is used for the synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods by low-temperature solution growth method. The growth of ZnO nanorods were observed at low temperature range of 60-90 °C for the growth duration of 4 hours. As-synthesized nanorods were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for their morphology, crystallanity, microstructure and composition. The as-grown ZnO nanorods were observed to be relatively vertical to the substrate. However, the morphology of ZnO nanorods in terms of their length, diameter and aspect ratio is found to vary with the growth temperatures. The morphological variations are mainly due to the effects of varied relative growth rates with growth temperature. The growth temperature influenced ZnO nanorods are also used for analyzing their wetting (either hydrophobic or hydrophilic) property. After carrying out multiple wetting behaviour analysis, it has been found that the as-synthesized ZnO nanorods are hydrophobic in nature. These ZnO nanorods have the potential application possibilities in self cleaning devices, sensors & actuators as well as energy harvesters like nanogenerators.Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the most promising potential materials due to its remarkable properties such as wide band-gap (3.37eV), large exciton binding energy (60 meV), excellent chemical & thermal stability, transparency and biocompatibility. Due to the possible utilization of the above mentioned properties in various fields like electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical and electromechanical, the ZnO has become more popular and drawing increasing interest in the area of nanotechnology [1][2][3][4]. ZnO is very flexible functional material exhibiting wide structural morphologies, such as nanocombs [5], nanorings [6], nanohelixes/nanosprings [7], nanobelts [8], nanowires/nanorods [9, 10], nanotubes [11], nanocages [12] and nanosheets [13]. Among these, one dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorords/nanowires have been extensively studied in the recent past due to their multifunctional device applications in the areas of ultraviolet (UV) lasers [14-15], light emitting diodes [16], field emission devices [17-18], solar cells [19-20], surface acoustic wave devices [21], piezoelectric sensors & actuators [22-23] and nanogenerators [2-3,24]. The 1D ZnO nanorods can be synthesized by various methods such as physical vapour deposition (PVD) [8], chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [25], metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) [26], molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [27], pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [28], hydrothermal synthesis [3,24,29]and electrochemical deposition [30]. Among all these methods, solution growth assisted hydrothermal synthesis is most favourable due to its flexibility to carry out the synthesis process on variety of substrates (both conducting and non-conducting) at low temperatures (<100°C). Moreover, this process is ...

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confidence: 88%

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods on a flexible Phynox alloy substrate: influence of growth temperature on their properties

et al. 2015

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“…The first peak has been deconvoluted with two Gaussian-Lorentzian curves (1021.0 and 1022.5 eV), obtaining two chemical shift related to ZnO (62.3 %) and Zn(OH) 2 (37.7 %) compounds. [40] From the Auger peak maximum position (497.8 eV) and the modified Auger parameter (2010.0 eV), [41] it is possible to confirm that the main oxidation state of Zn is Zn II . As the presence of a direct Cu-Zn bond is reflected in the shift of the modified Auger parameter to a much higher binding energy similar to the Zn 0 (2013.9 eV), [42] it is possible to state that the CuZn0.4 sample shows a lack of bond between Cu and Zn atoms, in agreement with the XRD results and in accordance with a Cu surface decorated with ZnO NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coupled Copper–Zinc Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2020

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A catalyst plays a key role in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels. Hence, the development of efficient and inexpensive catalysts has attracted great interest from both the academic and industrial communities. In this work, low‐cost catalysts coupling Cu and Zn are designed and prepared with a green microwave‐assisted route. The Cu to Zn ratio in the catalysts can be easily tuned by adjusting the precursor solutions. The obtained Cu–Zn catalysts are mainly composed of polycrystalline Cu particles and monocrystalline ZnO nanoparticles. The electrodes with optimized Cu–Zn catalysts show enhanced CO production rates of approximately 200 μmol h−1 cm−2 with respect to those with a monometallic Cu or ZnO catalyst under the same applied potential. At the bimetallic electrodes, ZnO‐derived active sites are selective for CO formation and highly conductive Cu favors electron transport in the catalyst layer as well as charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

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“…This is indicative of the non-persistence of the cationic stabilizer on ZnONSs after calcination, and is in agreement with the IR results. [14,22,26,35,39,40], the Zn Auger signal was acquired and analyzed to assess the presence of zinc oxide in the investigated samples ( Figure 5). The main component of ZnL3M4,5M4,5 was used for the further calculation of α′ and it is mainly ascribed to the 1 G final state transition, which is known to be the most probable [37,41].…”

Section: Xps Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO Nanostructures with Antibacterial Properties Prepared by a Green Electrochemical-Thermal Approach

et al. 2020

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are widely applied materials, and are also capable of antimicrobial action. They can be obtained by several methods, which include physical and chemical approaches. Considering the recent rise of green and low-cost synthetic routes for nanomaterial development, electrochemical techniques represent a valid alternative to biogenic synthesis. Following a hybrid electrochemical-thermal method modified by our group, here we report on the aqueous electrosynthesis of ZnO nanomaterials based on the use of alternative stabilizers. We tested both benzyl-hexadecyl-dimetylammonium chloride (BAC) and poly-diallyl-(dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA). Transmission electron microscopy images showed the formation of rod-like and flower-like structures with a variable aspect-ratio. The combination of UV–Vis, FTIR and XPS spectroscopies allowed for the univocal assessment of the material composition as a function of different thermal treatments. In fact, the latter guaranteed the complete conversion of the as-prepared colloidal materials into stoichiometric ZnO species without excessive morphological modification. The antimicrobial efficacy of both materials was tested against Bacillus subtilis as a Gram-positive model microorganism.

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Analysis on Binding Energy and Auger Parameter for Estimating Size and Stoichiometry of ZnO Nanorods

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods on a flexible Phynox alloy substrate: influence of growth temperature on their properties

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods on a flexible Phynox alloy substrate: influence of growth temperature on their properties

Coupled Copper–Zinc Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

ZnO Nanostructures with Antibacterial Properties Prepared by a Green Electrochemical-Thermal Approach

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