The research of solar cells has gone through three generations, silicon solar cells, thin film solar cells and perovskite solar cells. There are a variety of characterization methods used to analyze the factors that affect the performance of solar cells. Thus far, there are some deficiencies in the research of algorithms of the characterization methods themselves. Three types of data: current density-voltage (J-V) curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum and absorption spectrum are the most essential characterization methods. Here, the processing algorithms of these three kinds of characterization data are studied, intend to help researchers to solve the practical problems more efficiently, and improve the accuracy of experimental results. In this paper, the process of processing algorithm are summarized in the way of flow chart, and combined with the example to show in turn.