“…In the crowdsourcing era, in its early days, it has been preliminarily defined as a problem-solving model [3], and recently, it has been reviewed in a wide range of domains [4]; software engineering, in between, has gained a considerable share in this emerging field [5], [6]. The notion of a problem-solving model for crowdsourcing is suggested by [3] for various applications while providing model examples and denoting contentious points such as crowds diversity, crowds exploitations, and intellectual labor, as well as other topics.…”