Analysis on Thermal Runaway Behavior of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Batteries with Autoclave Calorimetry

Abstract

A total number of 25 different types of prismatic lithium-ion cells with a capacity between 8 and 145 Ah are examined in an autoclave calorimetry experiment in order to analyze their behavior during thermal runaway (TR). The safety relevant parameters such as mass loss, venting gas production and heat generation during TR are determined in two experiments per cell type and the results are compared to literature. An approximately linear dependency of the three parameters on the cell capacity is observed and hence correlations are derived. Due to the wide range in cell properties the correlations can be used as input for simulations as well as to predict the behavior of future battery cells within the property range of those tested and therefore contribute to the design of a safer battery pack.

Chemical Thermal Runaway Modeling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Prediction of Heat and Gas Generation

“…The mass loss is about 9.59 g Ah −1 , which gives an average loss of 44.73%. These results are in good agreement with the values found by Hoelle et al, [ 35 ] where different thermal runaway experiments are compared.…”

“…Comparing the two 25 Ah cells, there is a 19.6% difference in the amount of released gas despite almost identical onset and peak temperatures. However, a similar scattering behavior was reported by Koch et al [ 36 ] and Hoelle et al [ 35 ] as well.…”

“…Figure 6 shows the comparison of gas compositions for simulations and experiments. In accordance with literature results, [35][36][37]39] CO 2 is the main released component for all cells except the 12 Ah type cells. It is produced by multiple decomposition reactions on the anode and the cathode side and by solvent self-decomposition (reactions Equation ( 4), ( 7)-( 10)).…”

“…Literature data with comparable experimental setups report around 1.5-2.5 L Ah À1 for overheating tests on NMC cells. [35][36][37][38] The reason for the relatively high amount of released gas in this work is the high initial electrolyte mass fraction compared to commercial cells [39] as electrolyte solvent contributes to several gas-producing decomposition reactions (see Section 2).…”

Plasma arc generated vapour cloud from nail penetration of lithium-ion modules?

“…The remaining compounds included benzene, dimethylsilanediol, styrene, ethylbenzene, and various hydrocarbons in the range of C9 to C14 (i.e., 3,3,5-trimethyl-1-hexene, 2,6,6-trimethyl-dodecane, 2,3,6,7tetramethyl-octane, 2-methyl-decane, 2-methyl-5-propyl-nonane and 4-methyl-undecane). From the literature, the main constituents of the vapour cloud are CO, CO 2 , H 2 and hydrocarbons including the organic solvents [17][18] [19]: in addition, the cloud contains HF [7][20], HCl and HCN [7], SO 2 and NO 2 [7][21],…”