Analytic hierarchy process based spatial biodiversity impact assessment model of highway broadening in Sikkim Himalaya

Maximum entropy-based forest fire likelihood mapping: analysing the trends, distribution, and drivers of forest fires in Sikkim Himalaya

“…It is more common in the deciduous Sal forest ecosystem, followed by the temperate oak and subalpine conifer forests. Erratic rainfall, climate change, and conversion of forest land into other land uses have increased the vulnerability of the forests in Sikkim, leading to a growing trend of forest re incidents (P. Banerjee et al, 2020;R. Sharma et al, 2012).…”

“…The MaxEnt-based prediction was applied to the entire extent of the study area, considering every cell as an instant. The model output was exported as a GeoTiff raster and classi ed into ve qualitative categories applying the natural breaks method in the ArcGIS framework (P. Banerjee et al, 2020;Jenks, 1967;McMaster, 1997). Jenks natural breaks is a reliable and popular map data classi cation method amongst the cartographers.…”

MODIS-FIRMS and ground-truthing-based wildfire likelihood mapping of Sikkim Himalaya using machine learning algorithms

“…These methods rely on constructing a hierarchal structure of the model criteria and alternatives. Pairwise comparison of the criteria at each hierarchal level and that of the alternatives yield the criteria weight and the importance of alternatives in the context of the model (Banerjee et al, 2020;Yathish et al 2019;Ljubomir et al 2019;Regodic et al 2020;Gheshlaghi, Feizizadeh and Blaschke 2020;Goleiji et al 2017). Other decision-based methods like fuzzy logic and fuzzy AHP have also been widely applied in preparing WLPs (Garcia-Jimenez et al, 2017;Gheshlaghi et al, 2020).…”

“…These trends indicate the impact of climate change in Sikkim (Arrawatia & Tambe, 2012, Sharma & Thapa, 2021. ecosystem (Banerjee et al, 2020, Dong et al, 2017Kumar, 2012;Pradhan & Badola, 2015). Moreover, the drier winter season converts the deadwood and forest litter into potential fuel for wildfires.…”

Drivers and distribution of forest fires in Sikkim Himalaya: A maximum entropy-based approach to spatial modelling.

“…It is more common in the deciduous Sal forest ecosystem followed by the temperate oak and sub-alpine conifer forests. Erratic rainfall, climate change and conversion of forest land into other land uses have increased the vulnerability of the forests in Sikkim, leading to a growing trend of forest re incidents ( Figure 2) (Banerjee et al, 2020;R. Sharma et al, 2012).…”