Analytical approaches for bloodstain aging by vibrational spectroscopy: Current trends and future perspectives

Analysis of the Ex-vivo transformation of Semen, Saliva and Urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric Approach

“…Both Principal Component Regression (PCR) Analysis and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) are strong chemometric tool for the estimation of TSD of body uids as reported in previous studies. 1,4,5,10,29 The calculated R 2 values for the calibration and prediction of both models are more than 0.9. While the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and prediction (RMSEP) values in both the models for all the three uids except diluted urine, showed low values ( 4.a and 4.b) respectively.…”

“…The analytical technology gradually transformed into nondestructive from destructive methods. 3,4,9 A variety of techniques including Gas chromatography, 10,11 Liquid chromatography, [12][13][14] Oxygen electrode, 3,15 microRNA based assay, 3,16,17 Color transformation chart, 18 Electron paramagnetic resonance, [19][20][21] Re ectance spectroscopy in Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared (IR) region, [22][23][24] smartphone imaging, 25 IR absorption, 1,3,4,5,6,26,27 and Raman scattering 4,28 is explored around the world for the TSD estimation of blood and semen. 5 As an age prediction tool, most of these methods realistically depict promising results.…”

“…Yet, few methodological limitations hinder the universal acceptability of one or more of these techniques as the stand-alone tool for TSD studies except IR absorption and Raman scattering collectively known as vibrational spectroscopy. 4,9,10 Leading researchers in the forensic sciences community around the world signi cantly attracted towards the vibrational spectroscopic technique due to its several advantages over others. It reliably provides a rapid nondestructive analysis of evidence in forensic investigation.…”

Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

“…The analytical technology gradually transformed into nondestructive from destructive methods 3 , 4 , 10 . A variety of techniques including Gas chromatography 11 , Liquid chromatography 12 – 14 , Oxygen electrode 3 , 15 , microRNA based assay 3 , 16 – 19 , Color transformation chart 20 , Electron paramagnetic resonance 21 – 23 , Reflectance spectroscopy in Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared (IR) region 24 – 26 , smartphone imaging 27 , IR absorption 1 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 9 , 28 , 29 , Raman scattering 4 , 6 , 7 , 11 , 30 and fluorescence spectroscopy is explored around the world for the TSD estimation of blood (peripheral and menstrual) 31 and semen 8 . As an age prediction tool, most of these methods realistically depict promising results.…”

“…As an age prediction tool, most of these methods realistically depict promising results. Yet, few methodological limitations hinder the universal acceptability of one or more of these techniques as the stand-alone tool for TSD studies except IR absorption and Raman scattering collectively known as vibrational spectroscopy 4 , 10 , 11 . Leading researchers in the forensic sciences community around the world are significantly attracted towards the vibrational spectroscopic technique due to its several advantages over others.…”