Analytical Assessment of Chaltasian Slag: Evidence of Early Copper Production in the Central Plateau of Iran

Sodaei, Bita; Kashani, Poorya

doi:10.24916/iansa.2017.2.3

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…In recent years, various studies have been conducted to analyze metallurgical activities in Iran's mining industry. Sodaeia and Kashanib (2017) analyzed six copper slag remains from Chaltasian, Iron Age II and reported a significant amount of silica and barite emanating from the smelting process and a lead-zinc source in limestone, respectively. Another study evaluated different metallurgical materials and processes including the production of copper and tin bronze objects from the Middle Elamite site of Haft Tappeh (Oudbashi & Mishmastnehi, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the environmental impacts of copper cathode production based on life cycle assessment

Shahraki,

Einollahipeer,

Abyar

et al. 2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Copper demand is growing considerably in parallel to economic and technological development. The rate increase in copper consumption in Iran adds pressure on the numerous unexploited mines in southeast Iran and induces the environmental crisis alongside the northern Levar wind in this area. Given this, this study was carried out to systematically explore the environmental impacts of a one‐ton copper cathode processing operation from a cradle‐to‐gate perspective using life cycle assessment (LCA). Moreover, the release of greenhouse gases and the energy consumption within the copper cathode production were also assessed. The results indicated that sulfuric acid utilization in the smelting and extraction stages, metal leaching from tailings, and CO2 dominated more than 50% of contributions to freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and global warming, respectively. The energy analysis showed 88.92% of crude oil utilization to provide the energy demand, especially for the electrowinning stage, which should be promoted technologically. For global warming, the indirect CO2 emission from electricity consumption with a source of fossil fuels was the main contributor (94.56%). Therefore, shifting from conventional energy systems towards renewable energy systems could alleviate the overall environmental impact. According to a 0.57‐ton sulfuric acid effluent per one‐ton copper cathode production, its treatment and reuse in the process is recommended. Summing up, the results of this study provide the environmental hotspots for copper cathode production for further investigations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%