Analytical coalescence formula for particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Sun, Kai-Jia; Chen, Lie‐Wen

doi:10.1103/physrevc.95.044905

Cited by 49 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…usually connected to the description of flow in heavy-ion collisions [119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127].…”

Section: Coalescence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a full treatment would need a detailed knowledge of the wave function of the nuclei under consideration. A recent discussion is for instance given in [127]. In this approach, the coalescence yield is proportional of the square of the n-body-wave function of the state formed by coalescence, which is usually approximated by a Gaussian function, which is far away from the true distribution (although a recent study showed that the usage of a more realistic function, i.e.…”

Section: Coalescence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loosely-bound objects produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC

2019

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Loosely-bound objects such as light nuclei are copiously produced in proton-proton and nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), despite the fact that typical energy scales in such collisions exceed the binding energy of the objects by orders of magnitude. In this review we summarise the experimental observations, put them into context of previous studies at lower energies, and discuss the underlying physics. Most of the data discussed here were taken by the ALICE Collaboration during LHC Run1, which started in 2009 and ended in 2013. Specifically we focus on the production of (anti-)nuclei and (anti-)hypernuclei. Also included are searches for exotic objects like the H-dibaryon, a possible uuddss hexaquark state, or also a possible bound state of a Λ hyperon and a neutron. Furthermore, the study of hyperon-nucleon and hyperonhyperon interactions through measurements of correlations are briefly discussed, especially in connection with the possible existence of loosely-bound states composed of these baryons. In addition, some results in the strange and charmed hadron sector are presented, to show the capabilities for future measurements on loosely-bound objects in this direction. Finally, perspectives are given for measurements in the currently ongoing Run2 period of the LHC and in the future LHC Run3.

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“…usually connected to the description of flow in heavy-ion collisions [119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127].…”

Section: Coalescence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coalescence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loosely-bound objects produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC

2019

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“…The ratio of the ratios ( 18) and (11), which is denoted as Q, equals the ratio of deuteron yields in the coalescence and thermal models because the proton yield is assumed to be the same in both approaches. The ratio Q equals…”

Section: D/p In Coalescence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the coalescence model is known to work well in a broad range of collision energies, the model is well justified when nucleons are truly produced because of the energy scale separation. So, it is not surprising that the model properly describes production of light nuclei and antinuclei at RHIC and LHC [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of light nuclei at colliders – coalescence vs. thermal model

Mrówczyński

2020

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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The production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is well described by both the thermal model, where light nuclei are in equilibrium with hadrons of all species present in a fireball, and by the coalescence model, where light nuclei are formed due to final-state interactions after the fireball decays. We present and critically discuss the two models and further on we consider two proposals to falsify one of the models. The first proposal is to measure a yield of exotic nuclide 4Li and compare it to that of 4He. The ratio of yields of the nuclides is quite different in the thermal and coalescence models. The second proposal is to measure a hadron-deuteron correlation function which carries information whether a deuteron is emitted from a fireball together with all other hadrons, as assumed in the thermal model, or a deuteron is formed only after nucleons are emitted, as in the coalescence model. The p − 3He correlation function is of interest in context of both proposals: it is needed to obtain the yield of 4Li which decays into p and 3He, but the correlation function can also tell us about an origin of 3He.

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“…Error bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The horizontal line on the right side of the figure show the ratio calculated from the COAL-SH model without quark density fluctuations [49]. The dash lines are the ratio calculated from the statistical model [47].…”

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confidence: 99%

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from the yield ratio of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Shao

Chen

et al. 2020

Physics Letters B

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By analyzing the available data on strange hadrons in central Pb+Pb collisions from the NA49 Collaboration at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and in central Au+Au collisions from the STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) in a wide collision energy range from √ sNN = 6.3 GeV to 200 GeV, we find a possible non-monotonic behavior in the ratioof K + , Ξ − , φ, and Λ yields as a function of √ sNN. Based on the quark coalescence model, which can take into account the effect of quark density fluctuations on hadron production, a possible non-monotonic behavior in the dependence of the strange quark density fluctuation on √ sNN is obtained. This is in contrast to the coalescence model that does not include quark density fluctuations and also to the statistical hadronization model as both fail to describe even qualitatively the collision energy dependence of the ratio O K-Ξ-φ-Λ . Our findings thus suggest that the signal and location of a possible critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram, which is expected to result in large quark density fluctuations, can be found in the on-going Bean Energy Scan program at RHIC. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.DwThe main goal of the experiments on heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies is to study the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, especially those of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), the hadronic matter, and the transition between these two phases of matter [1][2][3]. Studies based on lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations [4] and various effective models [5][6][7] have indicated that the transition between the QGP and the hadronic matter is a smooth crossover at vanishing baryon chemical potential (µ B ) but likely changes to a first-order phase transition at large µ B , with an associated critical endpoint (CEP) or a tricritical endpoint seperating these two transitions [8].Locating the position of the CEP in the QCD phase diagram is one of the most important issues in particle and nuclear physics. To search for this CEP, experiments have been carried out already at the Beam Energy Scan programs at SPS [9-12] and at RHIC [13,14] as well as planned at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) and Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA).As suggested in Ref.[15], the QCD phase transition can be probed by studying the fluctuations of physical observables in relativistic heavy ion collisions. This is because enhanced long-wavelength fluctuations near the CEP can lead to singularities in all thermodynamic observables. In heavy-ion collisions, these fluctuations have been studied by using experimental data on an event-by-event basis and looking at event-by-event fluctuations [16,17]. For example, the fourth-order fluctuation of net-proton distribution had been measured in the BES program by the STAR Collaboration, and a possible non-monotonic behavior in its dependence on the center-of-mass collision energy √ s NN was observed [18].Also, large baryon density fluctuations are expected to be...

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Analytical coalescence formula for particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Cited by 49 publications

References 79 publications

Loosely-bound objects produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC

Loosely-bound objects produced in nuclear collisions at the LHC

Production of light nuclei at colliders – coalescence vs. thermal model

Probing QCD critical fluctuations from the yield ratio of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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