Analytical Description of Cross-Modal Nonlinear Interaction in Mode Multiplexed Multimode Fibers

Mode-selective wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a multimode silicon waveguide

“…Similarly, in MDM systems also exploiting the wavelength dimension, being able to perform wavelength conversion of the channels would offer new degrees of freedom for the implementation of both fiber and on-chip networks. In this context, intermodal nonlinear interactions in highly-nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) have been recently investigated [12][13][14], while mode-selective wavelength conversion, which is an important functionality, has not been reported yet.…”

Impact of power allocation strategies in long-haul few-mode fiber transmission systems

“…Both of these conclusions can be attributed to the absence of linear mode coupling. Note that the penalties may increase in a WDM system, where strongly phase matched spectral regions will exist [12].…”

“…The two values of DMD correspond to regimes where previous works [8] have observed weak nonlinear mode coupling (high DMD) due to walk off and strong nonlinear mode coupling (low DMD). Note that the low DMD case has a sufficiently high difference in phase velocity to ensure that FWM effects [12] remain negligible for both fibers. The formulation of our model is based on the initial work of Marcuse [13] that assumes periodic variation of the core's radius along the longitudinal axis of a multimode fiber, representing worst-case transmission scenario with respect to mode coupling as used by several authors recently [7,14].…”

Are few-mode fibres a practical solution to the capacity crunch?

“…Despite this increase in noise the overall capacity increases monotonically with the number of modes, although beyond around 10 modes, the increase is small [3]. More accurately the nonlinear efficiency may be calculated by integrating the quasi phase matched Maker fringes [2] over the signal bandwidth taking into account any phase matching offsets induced by differential mode delays [10]. In this case η ijkm is given by [11] ) where we have adopted the usual meaning for ω, α, β, n 2 and c. N s represents the number of spans, f w a characteristic frequency defining the width of the FWM efficiency curve, Δf ijkm the frequency detuning for maximum phase matching, A ijkm the effective area of the inter mode interaction and ξ ijkm a parameter accounting for the reduction in nonlinear efficiency associated with degenerate modes [12] (a value of 2/3 is assumed here).…”