Analytical determination of polyphenols in olive oils

Abstract

The increasing popularity of olive oil is mainly attributed to its high content of oleic acid, which may affect the plasma lipid/lipoprotein profiles, and its richness in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and may contribute to the prevention of human disease. An overview of analytical methods for the measurement of polyphenols in olive oil is presented. In principle, the analytical procedure for the determination of individual phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil involves three basic steps: extraction from the oil sample, analytical separation, and quantification. A great number of procedures for the isolation of the polar phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil, utilizing two basic extraction techniques, LLE or SPE, have been included. The reviewed techniques are those based on spectrophotometric methods, as well as analytical separation (gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE)). Many reports in the literature determine the total amount of phenolic compounds in olive oils by spectrophometric analysis and characterize their phenolic patterns by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and, mainly, by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC); however, CE has recently been applied to the analysis of phenolic compound of olive oil and has opened up great expectations, especially because of the higher resolution, reduced sample volume, and analysis duration. CE might represent a good compromise between analysis time and satisfactory characterization for some classes of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oils.

Oleocanthal: A Naturally Occurring Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Virgin Olive Oil

“…Such variation in oleocanthal concentration amongst differing EVOOs may be due to multiple factors that have the capacity to modify the concentration of this compound (Carrasco-Pancorbo et al, 2005). These factors include: method of phenolic extraction and quantification, geographic region of olive growth, olive tree cultivar, agricultural techniques applied to cultivate olives, olive maturity, processing of the olives to oil, storage of oil, and domestic heat application to oil.…”

“…The analytical method used to quantify phenolics present in EVOO has an influence on the reported concentration and therefore is an important consideration when interpreting and comparing the data of such investigations (Carrasco-Pancorbo et al, 2005). Regarding the analysis of oleocanthal, Beauchamp and colleagues (Beauchamp et al, 2005) in collaboration with Impellizzeri et al (Impellizzeri and Lin, 2006), developed an extraction and quantification method specific for this compound.…”

Evaluation of Standards and Interfering Compounds in the Determination of Phenolics by Folin-Ciocalteu Assay Method for Effective Bioprocessing of Biomass

“…Chromatographic techniques include gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [14]. Various spectroscopic techniques used to determine TPC are Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) assay using UV-VIS spectroscopy [15] [16].…”

Retention effects of oxidized polyphenols during analytical extraction of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil

“…Two basic techniques have been generally employed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil, namely SPE and liquid -liquid extraction (LLE). Previous investigations have determined the recoveries of LLE and SPE by assaying for the different stationary phases (C 8 , C 18 , diol) and several elution mixtures [11,13,14].…”