Analytical Determination of Thresholds of LDPC Codes in Free Space Optical Channel

Bhardwaj, Sonali; Dixit, Abhishek; Jain, Virander Kumar

doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3040003

“…Limited investigation [643], [644] has been carried out on channel coding for FSO where LDPC codes [645], rateless codes [646], and Reed-Solomon codes [647] have been used. Nevertheless, due to the characteristics of the atmospheric channel, improving channel modeling, channel estimation approaches, equalization methods, and waveform design seem to contribute more than channel coding schemes in link performance.…”

Section: Volume 87mentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Coding Toward 6G: Technical Overview and Outlook

Rowshan,

Qiu,

Xie

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

7

0

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Channel coding plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliable communication over wireless channels. With the growing need for ultra-reliable communication in emerging wireless use cases, the significance of channel coding has amplified. Furthermore, minimizing decoding latency is crucial for critical-mission applications, while optimizing energy efficiency is paramount for mobile and the Internet of Things (IoT) communications. As the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications is currently in operation and 5G-advanced is on the horizon, the objective of this paper is to assess prominent channel coding schemes in the context of recent advancements and the anticipated requirements for the sixth generation (6G). In this paper, after considering the potential impact of channel coding on key performance indicators (KPIs) of wireless networks, we review the evolution of mobile communication standards and the organizations involved in the standardization, from the first generation (1G) to the current 5G, highlighting the technologies integral to achieving targeted KPIs such as reliability, data rate, latency, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, connection density, and traffic capacity. Following this, we delve into the anticipated requirements for potential use cases in 6G. The subsequent sections of the paper focus on a comprehensive review of three primary coding schemes utilized in past generations and their recent advancements: lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) codes, turbo codes (including convolutional codes), and polar codes (alongside Reed-Muller codes). Additionally, we examine alternative coding schemes like Fountain codes (also known as rate-less codes), sparse regression codes, among others. Our evaluation includes a comparative analysis of error correction performance and the performance of hardware implementation for these coding schemes, providing insights into their potential and suitability for the upcoming 6G era. Lastly, we will briefly explore considerations such as higher-order modulations and waveform design, examining their contributions to enhancing key performance indicators in conjunction with channel coding schemes.

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“…Potential candidates for such adaptations include advanced coding schemes like LDPC codes, polar codes, and turbo codes, which offer robust performance in challenging environments and can be tailored to meet the requirements of non-terrestrial communication channels for both radio frequency (RF) and optical communications. Limited investigation [643], [644] has been carried out on channel coding for FSO where LDPC codes [645], rateless codes [646], and Reed-Solomon codes [647] have been used. Nevertheless, due to the characteristics of the atmospheric channel, improving channel modeling, channel estimation approaches, equalization methods, and waveform design seem to contribute more than channel coding schemes in link performance.…”

Section: Volume mentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Coding Toward 6G: Technical Overview and Outlook

Rowshan,

Qiu,

Xie

et al. 2024

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Channel coding plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliable communication over wireless channels. With the growing need for ultra-reliable communication in emerging wireless use cases, the significance of channel coding has amplified. Furthermore, minimizing decoding latency is crucial for critical-mission applications, while optimizing energy efficiency is paramount for mobile and the Internet of Things (IoT) communications. As the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications is currently in operation and 5G-advanced is on the horizon, the objective of this paper is to assess prominent channel coding schemes in the context of recent advancements and the anticipated requirements for the sixth generation (6G). In this paper, after considering the potential impact of channel coding on key performance indicators (KPIs) of wireless networks, we review the evolution of mobile communication standards and the organizations involved in the standardization, from the first generation (1G) to the current 5G, highlighting the technologies integral to achieving targeted KPIs such as reliability, data rate, latency, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, connection density, and traffic capacity. Following this, we delve into the anticipated requirements for potential use cases in 6G. The subsequent sections of the paper focus on a comprehensive review of three primary coding schemes utilized in past generations and their recent advancements: lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) codes, turbo codes (including convolutional codes), and polar codes (alongside Reed-Muller codes). Additionally, we examine alternative coding schemes like Fountain codes (also known as rate-less codes), sparse regression codes, among others. Our evaluation includes a comparative analysis of error correction performance and the performance of hardware implementation for these coding schemes, providing insights into their potential and suitability for the upcoming 6G era. Lastly, we will briefly explore considerations such as higher-order modulations and waveform design, examining their contributions to enhancing key performance indicators in conjunction with channel coding schemes.

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“…We then define p th as the channel decoding threshold (Sonali et al 2020). Thus, P B can be approximated as…”

Section: P Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity and BER analysis of BCH and LDPC coded FSO communication system for different channel conditions

Bhardwaj

¹

,

Gupta

²

,

Dixit

³

et al. 2021

Opt Quant Electron

Self Cite

8

0

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Free space optical (FSO) communication is of paramount importance for the design of next-generation 5G+ wireless networks. These are, however, susceptible to degrading effects of atmospheric turbulence. The use of error correcting codes (ECCs) can mitigate the effects of fading caused by atmospheric turbulence. We evaluate the performance of uncoded and coded FSO communication system, where we use Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) and low-density parity-check codes for the coded system. Both the systems under consideration are based on intensity-modulation and direct detection. We investigate the performance of a coded communication system under various channel conditions, viz., slow fading and fast fading gamma-gamma channels for different turbulence regimes and subsequently, obtain the coding gain. We derive the expressions of channel capacity for a fast fading channel and outage capacity for a slow fading channel. We conclude that ECCs deteriorate the bit error rate performance in a slow fading channel. However, for this kind of channel, the combination of ECCs with an interleaver reduces the burst errors and improves the performance which leads to positive coding gain. In a fast fading channel, coding gain is not much and it remains almost same in different turbulence conditions. The analytical results are supported by simulation study.

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Analytical Determination of Thresholds of LDPC Codes in Free Space Optical Channel

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Channel Coding Toward 6G: Technical Overview and Outlook

Channel Coding Toward 6G: Technical Overview and Outlook

Channel Coding Toward 6G: Technical Overview and Outlook

Capacity and BER analysis of BCH and LDPC coded FSO communication system for different channel conditions

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