Analytical expression of FSO link misalignments considering Gaussian beam

Poliak, Juraj; Pezzei, Pirmin; Leitgeb, Erich; Wilfert, Otakar

doi:10.1109/noc-oci.2013.6582874

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Due to the narrowness of the transmitted beam just a few centimeters movement can cause a large misalignment between the transmitter and receiver which interrupts the communication link. Therefore, we have to carefully consider all possible misalignments factors such as beam wander, building sway, or errors in the tracking system [14], [15]. The beam wander comes due to the divergence of the beam when it moves through the atmosphere.…”

Section: Geometric and Misalignment Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free Space Optic and mmWave Communications: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Ismail

Leitgeb

Plank

2016

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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SUMMARY Increasing demand in data-traffic has been addressed over the last few years. It is expected that the data-traffic will present the significant part of the total backbone traffic. Accordingly, much more transmission systems will be required to support this growth. A free space optic (FSO) communication is the greatest promising technology supporting high-speed and high-capacity transport networks. It can support multi Gbit/s for few kilometers transmission distance. The benefits of an FSO system are widespread, low cost, flexibility, immunity to electromagnetic field, fast deployment, security, etc. However, it suffers from some drawbacks, which limit the deployment of FSO links. The main drawback in FSO is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments. In addition, it is high sensitive for illumination noise coming from external sources such as sun and lighting systems. It is more benefit that FSO and mmWave are operating as a complementary solution that is known as hybrid FSO/mmWave links. Whereas the mmWave is susceptible to heavy rain conditions and oxygen absorption, while fog has no particular effect. This paper will help to better understand the FSO and mmWave technologies and applications operating under various atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, in order to improve the system performance and availability, several modulation schemes will be discussed. In addition to, the hybrid FSO/mmWave with different diversity combining techniques are presented.

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Section: Geometric and Misalignment Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the small change of the beam half-divergence angle θ will affect the beam half-width w therefore the less optical power is received (see Fig. 2) [15]. On the other hand, building sway is the result of a variety of factors, including thermal expansion, wind loads, small earthquakes and vibrations.…”

Section: Geometric and Misalignment Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Space Optic and mmWave Communications: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Ismail

Leitgeb

Plank

2016

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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“…In terms of physics, this can be expressed as the calculation of the optical power of an elliptical beam transmitted through a circular aperture, which mathematically complicates the calculation. In [6], four different calculations of a geometrical loss depending on the distance z and the radius of the receiver r RX were shown-two exact Equations (7) and (8) requiring numerical integration and two approximative Equations (9) and (10).…”

Section: Exact Deterministic Fso Link Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of circularly symmetrical beams, only one (axial) parameter is sufficient to fully describe the lateral misalignment of the two terminals, and for the attenuation mis,circ , we may write [10] mis,circ ., z/ D…”

Section: Fso Link Misalignmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the derivation of exact analytical FSO link attenuation model

Poliak

Pezzei

Barcik

et al. 2014

Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech.

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The development of semiconductor technology has led to an increase of the usable bandwidth of light-emitting diodes (LED), which are suitable for indoor high-speed communications or free-space optical (FSO) communications over a relatively short distance. The high-speed long-distance FSO links, where turbulence effects are considerably high, are a domain of laser sources. Hence, the paper covers the study of an exact analytical model of FSO link attenuation and the benefits of using an elliptically symmetrical Gaussian beam rather than a circularly symmetrical one.The paper further generalises the study to the FSO link misalignment and the pointing error analysis. The main contribution is in the derivation of an exact laser beam attenuation model, which is further used to analyse the geometrical losses in FSO systems as well as a general misalignment of an elliptically symmetrical beam in any direction from a circular receiver aperture. The challenging mathematical part includes two and six expressions of the general laser beam attenuation model for FSO communications taking into consideration circular and elliptical beams, respectively. The paper concludes with an analysis of advantages of using elliptical beams in FSO systems and a discussion on optimal orientation of the major beam axis with respect to the maximisation of the link availability.The paper summarises some previous results of the team of authors to further extend the model's applicability into more general terms towards a unified model.

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“…Indeed hardly any article deals with a loss which is caused by inaccurate alignment or by misalignment of transmitting FSO head. For example, several information could be found in [1] or [2]. Direct line of sight is very important for direct outdoor FSO links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misalignment loss of Free Space Optic link

Vitasek

Leitgeb

David

et al. 2014

2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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This article deals with few described loss which can appear in Free Space Optic (FSO) link. It is a misalignment loss which comes on by inaccurate installation of FSO heads. A calculation of this loss is based on power budget. The calculation of misalignment loss was done for professional FSO link which is installed in campus of VSB-Technical University of Ostrava. Results showed that a small misalignment from a straight line causes relatively great misalignment loss.

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Analytical expression of FSO link misalignments considering Gaussian beam

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Free Space Optic and mmWave Communications: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Free Space Optic and mmWave Communications: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

On the derivation of exact analytical FSO link attenuation model

Misalignment loss of Free Space Optic link

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