“…In respect of data organization, a discrete global grid system (DGGS; Goodchild & Kimerling, 2002;Sahr, White, & Kimerling, 2003) discretizes the globe into a multi-resolution hierarchical pyramid of indexed regular regions that are generally called tiles (Figure 1a). Virtual globes arrange geographical data into tiles based on DGGS to speed up the display and update of three-dimensional (3D) interactive scenes (Figure 1b), which is the basis for spatial analyses and assessments from local to global scales (Mahdavi-Amiri, Alderson, & Samavati, 2015;Veenendaal, Li, Dragicevic, & Brovelli, 2014;Zheng, Xiong, Gong, & Yue, 2017).…”