Analytical investigations of the problem of ?Kupferfra\? in illuminated manuscripts

Banik, Gerhard; Stachelberger, H.; Mairinger, Franz; Vendl, Alfred; Ponahlo, Johann

doi:10.1007/bf01198703

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…CONCLUSIONS We have assessed the more likely pigment and binder combined to give the green dye in the illuminations of the Codex 29, respectively verdigris and egg white. The severe deterioration of the green-coloured areas and therefore of the Cu(II) ion areas confirms the well-known catalytic activity of this ion in paper deterioration reactions (Banik et al 1981;Banik 1989;Bicchieri and Pepa 1996;Calvini and Gorassini 2002). We have shown that thanks to its high sensitivity and selectivity, EPR-a non-destructive method-can also be a precious tool in the investigation of dyes and pigments, as long as a paramagnetic centre is present.…”

Section: Reference Samples Of Copper Dyessupporting

confidence: 67%

Characterization of Pigment and Binder in Badly Conserved Illuminations of a 15th‐Century Manuscript

et al. 2013

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In this work we report a pre-restoration spectroscopic study by a multi-technique approach on the green pigment and the binder used in illuminations in a codex of the late 15th century. Our analysis aimed to characterize the badly deteriorated parts of the codex, mainly the green parts, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-rays diffraction (XRD), X-rays fluorescence (XRF) and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). We will show that a combined study by EPR and IR spectroscopies on model systems allowed us to refine the general information obtained with the other techniques and to identify the binding media surrounding the chromophore Cu(II) ion

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Section: Reference Samples Of Copper Dyessupporting

confidence: 67%

Characterization of Pigment and Binder in Badly Conserved Illuminations of a 15th‐Century Manuscript

et al. 2013

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“…It is apparent that the greenish layer is composed of a copper compound, even though an unintentional one. This can be confirmed by taking a look at the rear side of the pages bearing altered miniatures on which one can see that the parchment has been degraded by the green coloured areas from the front side, thus suggesting that the socalled Kupferfraβ phenomenon investigated by Banik et al [5] had occurred. Kupferfraβ, though, being due to Cu ions, must not be regarded as the cause but as a consequence of the alteration of metallic copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Identification of copper carboxylates as degradation residues on an ancient manuscript

Aceto

Agostino

Boccaleri

et al. 2010

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Copper carboxylates were identified as degradation residues on the surface of a metallic pigment used in the illumination and in the text of a 9th century Italian manuscript containing the Homilies on the Gospels of Gregory the Great, belonging to the Archive and Chapter Library of Vercelli (Italy). These compounds are responsible of the greenish aspect that several text lines and decorated initials have developed over time from their original golden texture, starting from more than a century as could be guessed from the early 20th century descriptions of the manuscript by art historians. Further, Raman investigations carried out on a particle recovered from the gutters between folios allowed (1) the identification with good accuracy of the nature of these compounds, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis, (2) proposing a hypothesis on their origin as due to the interaction of copper with carboxylic acids and (3) making suggestions on the proper restoration intervention; moreover, evidence was found for similar compounds in three 9th-10th century Italian manuscripts coming from Bobbio abbey. Besides, the presence of orpiment in ink composition was verified and compared with citations in some medieval texts.

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“…Based on the experience that not only humidity but also light enhances the ink corrosion process, we might confer these current results on the ink corrosion mechanism. It is already known that Cu ions catalyse the oxidative degradation of organic material [10]. Micro-XRF measurements in a historical manuscript containing different inks confirm that especially the discoloured inks contain a high amount of copper (in comparison to iron) possibly containing a complex mixture of several decomposition products such as purpurogalline or ellagic acid [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…All in all one may assume that other 3d elements are able to replace the Fe 2+ ion. It is already known that copper catalyses the oxidative degradation of organic substances [10]. Colour materials such as brass inks cause a degradation of parchment in Medieval book illumination; investigations of black and brown inks reveal that especially the brown inks contain a high amount of copper (in comparison to iron).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of oxidation and migration processes of inorganic compounds in ink-corroded manuscripts

Kanngießer

Hahn

Wilke

et al. 2004

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Analytical investigations of the problem of ?Kupferfra\? in illuminated manuscripts

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of Pigment and Binder in Badly Conserved Illuminations of a 15th‐Century Manuscript

Characterization of Pigment and Binder in Badly Conserved Illuminations of a 15th‐Century Manuscript

Identification of copper carboxylates as degradation residues on an ancient manuscript

Investigation of oxidation and migration processes of inorganic compounds in ink-corroded manuscripts

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