Analytical isotachophoresis

Everaerts, F.M.; Geurts, Merlijne; Mikkers, F.E.P.; Verheggen, T.P.E.M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86777-1

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As with strong electrolytes, the weak electrolyte theory presented above for steady-state concentration profiles of plateau zones can be used to validate the accuracy of numerical codes. We here also point the reader to refs and − , which contain extended lists of the p K a values, fully ionized mobilities, possible ionization states (valence), and other physicochemical properties relevant to the ITP of both strong and weak acids and bases.…”

Section: Itp Using Weak Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotachophoresis: Theory and Microfluidic Applications

Ramachandran

Santiago

2022

Chem. Rev.

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Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a versatile electrophoretic technique that can be used for sample preconcentration, separation, purification, and mixing, and to control and accelerate chemical reactions. Although the basic technique is nearly a century old and widely used, there is a persistent need for an easily approachable, succinct, and rigorous review of ITP theory and analysis. This is important because the interest and adoption of the technique has grown over the last two decades, especially with its implementation in microfluidics and integration with on-chip chemical and biochemical assays. We here provide a review of ITP theory starting from physicochemical first-principles, including conservation of species, conservation of current, approximation of charge neutrality, pH equilibrium of weak electrolytes, and so-called regulating functions that govern transport dynamics, with a strong emphasis on steady and unsteady transport. We combine these generally applicable (to all types of ITP) theoretical discussions with applications of ITP in the field of microfluidic systems, particularly on-chip biochemical analyses. Our discussion includes principles that govern the ITP focusing of weak and strong electrolytes; ITP dynamics in peak and plateau modes; a review of simulation tools, experimental tools, and detection methods; applications of ITP for on-chip separations and trace analyte manipulation; and design considerations and challenges for microfluidic ITP systems. We conclude with remarks on possible future research directions. The intent of this review is to help make ITP analysis and design principles more accessible to the scientific and engineering communities and to provide a rigorous basis for the increased adoption of ITP in microfluidics.

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Section: Itp Using Weak Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotachophoresis: Theory and Microfluidic Applications

Ramachandran

Santiago

2022

Chem. Rev.

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“…Copenhagen). Lactate was measurd by an enzymatic method and arterial acetate levels by isotachophoresis [12], Plasma osmolality was determined by freezing-point depres sion. Data points were examined at the same moments as the hemodynamic recordings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetate versus Bicarbonate Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients

Leunissen

Hoorntje

et al. 1986

Nephron

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The hemodynamic state, acid-base balance and blood gases were studied in 9 acute renal failure patients during recirculation acetate- and bicarbonate dialysis. A significant hemodynamic instability, due to a decreased cardiac performance, was observed during acetate dialysis, whereas during bicarbonate dialysis, there was a stable hemodynamic state. During acetate dialysis, pO₂ dropped significantly, due to a decreasing ventilatory drive as a consequence of the significantly lower pCO₂ in acetate dialysis. From these findings, we conclude that bicarbonate dialysis should be the first choice in the treatment of acute renal failure patients.

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“…Under our assumptions, the composition of the adjusted TE zone can be obtained using Jovin and Alberty’s relations and is given by , Here, μ 0 is the (fully ionized) electrophoretic mobility, defined as the ratio of velocity and electric field. Superscripts refer to zones and subscripts identify the ion of interest.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Sample Concentration in the Adjusted TE. Under our assumptions, the composition of the adjusted TE zone can be obtained using Jovin 28 and Alberty's 29 relations and is given by 18,30…”

Section: ■ Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influx and Production Rates in Peak-Mode Isotachophoresis

Eid

Santiago

2016

Anal. Chem.

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We present an analytical model useful in the design of peak-mode isotachophoresis (ITP) experiments. The model quantifies sample influx and production rates, the latter in applications where ITP is used to accelerate chemical reactions. We include analysis of the effect of initial sample placement location. We derive and identify key nondimensional parameters for the general case of weak electrolyte buffer ions in terms of sample placement (injection mode), initial concentrations, fully ionized mobilities, and reaction kinetic constants. We then discuss how to use these parameters in the optimal design of peak-mode ITP assays and highlight regimes of particular interest. We clearly identify a quasi-equilibrium regime wherein production rates increase until they equal the influx rate of the low abundance sample species. The model and analysis are generally applicable to both cationic and anionic ITP assays and likely to a wide range of sample species.

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Analytical isotachophoresis

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Isotachophoresis: Theory and Microfluidic Applications

Isotachophoresis: Theory and Microfluidic Applications

Acetate versus Bicarbonate Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients

Influx and Production Rates in Peak-Mode Isotachophoresis

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