Analytical method development and dermal absorption of 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP), a hair dye ingredient under oxidative condition

Kim, Yu Jin; Kim, Hyang Yeon; Lee, Jung Dae; Kim, Hong Yoon; Im, Jueng Eun; Kim, Kyu‐Bong

doi:10.1007/s43188-022-00159-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A structural isomer of 4A3NP, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP), was conducted with dermal absorption in the oxidative hair dye conditions (1.5%) [24] and demonstrated higher dermal absorption (13.6 ± 2.9%) compared with this study on 4A3NP (2.83 ± 1.48%). Skin absorption occurs through passive diffusion and is significantly influenced by the formulation and physical properties of the test chemicals [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of 4-Amino-3-Nitrophenol (4A3NP), a Hair Dye Ingredient under the Oxidative or Non-Oxidative Condition

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The chemical 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (4A3NP) is classified as an amino nitrophenol and is primarily utilized as an ingredient in hair dye colorants. In Korea and Europe, it is exclusively used in non-oxidative or oxidative hair dye formulations, with maximum allowable concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, respectively. Despite this widespread use, risk assessment of 4A3NP has not been completed due to the lack of proper dermal absorption data. Therefore, in this study, both the analytical method validation and in vitro dermal absorption study of 4A3NP were conducted following the guidelines provided by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Before proceeding with the dermal absorption study, analytical methods were developed for the quantitation of 4A3NP through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in various matrices, including swab wash (WASH), stratum corneum (SC), skin (SKIN, comprising the dermis and epidermis), and receptor fluid (RF). These developed methods demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9962–0.9993), accuracy (93.5–111.73%), and precision (1.7–14.46%) in accordance with the validation guidelines.The dermal absorption of 4A3NP was determined using Franz diffusion cells with mini-pig skin as the barrier. Under both non-oxidative and oxidative (6% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): water, 1:1) hair dye conditions, 1% and 1.5% concentrations of 4A3NP were applied to the skin at a rate of 10 μL/cm2, respectively. The total dermal absorption rates of 4A3NP under non-oxidative (1%) and oxidative (1.5%) conditions were determined to be 5.62 ± 2.19% (5.62 ± 2.19 μg/cm2) and 2.83 ± 1.48% (4.24 ± 2.21 μg/cm2), respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of 4-Amino-3-Nitrophenol (4A3NP), a Hair Dye Ingredient under the Oxidative or Non-Oxidative Condition

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…This can be proven by the chromatogram results that appear at different retention times (RT) with the standard and spike solutions and the wavelengths produced by different samples with standard and spike solutions. So it can be concluded that cosmetic hair dye preparations do not contain Acid Red 73, and this hair dye preparation is safe to use [97][98][99][100].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification of Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) in Cosmetic Hair Dye Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photo Diode Array

Ananda,

Lubis,

Zainul

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a prohibited component in cosmetics, particularly in hair color formulations. The purpose of this investigation is to discover the coloring additive Acid Red 73 in cosmetic hair dye formulations. Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a sulfonated azo dye that is manufactured to be more hazardous than other colors and is damaging to the body. Based on variations in polarity and solubility, Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is separated from the sample matrix and identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA). The findings obtained from the tested samples satisfied the criteria since they did not include Acid Red 73 (CI 27290), as indicated by the difference in retention time and wavelength between the sample, the standard solution, and the spiked sample solution on the chromatogram.

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Safety assessment of Cnidium officinale rhizome extract in cosmetics using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach

Jeon

Lee

Hillman

et al. 2023

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Analytical method development and dermal absorption of 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP), a hair dye ingredient under oxidative condition

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of 4-Amino-3-Nitrophenol (4A3NP), a Hair Dye Ingredient under the Oxidative or Non-Oxidative Condition

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of 4-Amino-3-Nitrophenol (4A3NP), a Hair Dye Ingredient under the Oxidative or Non-Oxidative Condition

Identification of Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) in Cosmetic Hair Dye Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photo Diode Array

Safety assessment of Cnidium officinale rhizome extract in cosmetics using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach

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