Analytical methodologies for chromium speciation in solid matrices: a survey of literature

Carrier mediated of toxic elements, Part (III) Permeability of Chromium using SLM containing TPPS/xylene and application of chromium in water samples

“…Fig (7).Shows that there is an increase in the permeability coefficient by increasing temperature up to 298 K.…”

“…Cr(III) is considered as an essential trace element for the maintenance of an effective glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in mammals (2,3) .On the other hand, Cr(VI) can be toxic for biological systems (4,5) , and water-soluble Cr (VI) is extremely irritating and toxic to human body tissue owing to its oxidizing potential and easy permeating of biological membranes (6) .Therefore, it is of increasing importance to accurately define the individual quantity of both species in environmental and biological samples. A great number of speciation studies of chromium have been carried out in solid and liquid (7,8) samples .Chromium is an element with muta-, terato-and carcinogenic properties (9)(10)(11)(12) present in some industrial wastewater (13)(14)(15) . Thus, removal of chromium due to economic and environment protection reasons is required.…”

“…Thus, removal of chromium due to economic and environment protection reasons is required. The application of the majority of conventional methods of removing chromium(III) from wastewater is connected with increase in large amounts of the sludge containing chromium, often in high concentration (6,7) . There is a problem with its reuse.…”

Speciation of trace element compounds in samples of biota from marine ecosystems

“…Limited knowledge in this area is probably due to low levels found in samples and complexity of matrices such as animal tissues (Marqués et al, 1998). Additionally most of the available publications consider food and urine samples rather than tissue samples (Gómez and Callao, 2006).…”

Voltammetric Determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)- and [Cr(VI)+Mn(IV)]-Spiked Reference Soil Samples as a Function of Incubation Time and Extraction Procedures

“…Advanced electroanalytical techniques may represent a convenient alternative to other instrumental techniques [1,5,8,9] for quantifying hexavalent chromium. This because they offer a favorable compromise between dynamic range (as large as 1 to 10 À10 molakg and less), direct speciation information, possibility of analyzing samples having high ionic content and, last but not least, moderate cost and time of analysis [10].…”