Analytical model of a membrane humidifier for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems

Bhatia, Divesh; Sabharwal, Mayank; Duelk, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.11.033

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The dew point is an indicator that reflects the water amount in the gas. In some studies, WRR is also called "humidifier efficiency" [95].…”

Section: Do Rhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth stressing that the effects of membrane thickness and diffusivity mentioned in this article are rarely reported in other literatures. An analytical model was built by Bhatia et al [95] which is applicable for both planar and tubular humidifiers. Their model takes the effect of mass transfer on heat transfer into account, which was rarely considered in the previous studies.…”

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies focus on the performance of the humidifier only and assume the wet side inlet condition is independent with the dry side inlet condition. In practice, the wet side and dry side conditions are coupled with each other [95]. Kang et al [107] connected the humidifier together with an air blower model and a one dimensional PEMFC model.…”

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

et al. 2018

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are promising power sources because of their advantage such as high efficiency, zero emission and low operating temperature. Water management is one of the critical issues for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and has received significant attention. The membrane within the cells needs to stay in hydrated state to have high ion conductivity and durability, which requires proper humidification. Both internal and external methods have been utilized to humidify the polymer electrolyte membrane. Numerous studies on fuel cell humidification have been conducted in the past decades, especially in recent years. This review aims to summarize the main humidification methods and the related studies. The internal humidification methods are classified as physical methods and chemical methods. The external humidification methods include gas bubbling humidification, direct water injection, enthalpy wheel humidification, membrane humidifiers, and exhaust gas recirculation. The working principle and performance of

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“…The dew point is an indicator that reflects the water amount in the gas. In some studies, WRR is also called "humidifier efficiency" [95].…”

Section: Do Rhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

et al. 2018

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“…However, balancing the complexity of the model for accuracy and straightforwardness for later integration in the PEMFC model is a challenging task. Bhatia et al [17] developed an analytical model for predicting the steady-state heat and mass transfer of both planar and tubular membrane humidifiers that considers the effects of vapor transport. Yu et al [18] built a static model of a planar membrane humidifier to investigate the effects of the operating conditions and membrane characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lumped-Mass Model of Membrane Humidifier for PEMFC

Nguyen

2022

Energies

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Maintaining the performance of a fuel cell stack requires appropriate management of water in the membrane electrode. One solution is to apply an external humidifier to the supply gases. However, the operating conditions change continuously, which significantly affects the humidifier performance and supply gas characteristics. A straightforward humidifier module is needed for integration with the fuel cell system model. In this study, a lumped-mass model was used to simulate a hollow-fiber membrane humidifier and investigate the effects of various input conditions on the humidifier performance. The lumped-mass model can account for heat transfer and vapor transport in the membrane bundle without losing simplicity. The humidifier module was divided into three parts: a heat and mass exchanger in the middle and two manifolds at the ends of the exchanger. These components were modeled separately and linked to each other according to the flow characteristics. Simulations were performed to determine the humidifier response under both steady-state and transient conditions, and water saturation was observed in the outlet manifold that may affect the humidifier performance. The findings on the effects of the operating conditions and humidifier dimensions on the cathode gas can be used to improve humidifier design and control.

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“…A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a relatively well-developed and mature fuel cell system . When a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane is used as a proton electrolyte in a PEMFC, water management intensely affects the performance and stability of the membrane electrode. − Humidifiers, such as self-humidifiers, bubbling humidifiers, enthalpy wheel humidifiers, or membrane humidifiers, have become an important part of the water management system in PEMFCs. − Membrane humidifiers are widely used in PEMFCs owing to the features of reducing system complexity and energy consumption and utilizing part of the water vapor in the cathode exhaust. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEBAX 3533/PAA/CNC Composite Fiber Membranes as the Humidifier Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Abi

Chang

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A new type of humidification membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells composed of polyether-block polyamide (PEBAX) 3533, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was fabricated using the electrospinning method. CNCs were used to improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane, and PAA was used to improve the spinnability of the material. Using a scanning electron microscope, the morphology of PEBAX/PAA/CNC composite fiber membranes (CFMs) and electrospun fibers was investigated. Through X-ray diffraction analysis and the tests of water vapor permeability, air permeability, and water contact angles, the effects of CNCs on membrane properties were investigated. The results showed that the addition of CNCs improved the hydrophilicity and crystallinity of the CFM; while the air barrier properties of the CFM improved, the water vapor permeability coefficient of the membranes decreased. When the content of CNCs was 4.8 wt %, the vapor/air selectivity reached the highest value of (2.20 ± 0.05) × 10 4 , which was 14% more than that of the fiber membrane without CNCs.

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Analytical model of a membrane humidifier for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

Humidification strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review

A Lumped-Mass Model of Membrane Humidifier for PEMFC

PEBAX 3533/PAA/CNC Composite Fiber Membranes as the Humidifier Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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