Analytical model of incremental oil recovery as a function of WAG ratio and tapered WAG ratio benefits over uniform WAG ratio for heterogeneous reservoir

YunusKhan, Mohammad; Mandal, Ajay

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109955

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The initial stage takes into account whether the water-gas ratio of WAG flooding needs to be dynamically adjusted and whether there are significant differences between the final development effect of the dynamic and fixed gas-water ratios. In addition, there is little relevant research at present [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Water–Gas Ratio of Water and Gas Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Cao,

Liu,

Feng

et al. 2024

Energies

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WAG flooding is a dynamic process of continuous reservoir flow field reconstruction. The unique advantages of WAG flooding cannot be utilized, due to the fixed water–gas ratio. Therefore, we must investigate the dynamic adjustment of the water–gas ratio for WAG flooding. Using nine cases of long-core displacement experiments in low-permeability reservoirs, the development effects of three different displacement methods, namely, continuous gas flooding, WAG flooding with a fixed water–gas ratio, and WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio, were investigated after elastic development, water flooding, and gas flooding. This study shows that for early elastic development in low-permeability reservoirs, WAG flooding can significantly improve oil recovery, but WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is not conducive to the control of the water cut rise and gas channeling. As a result, it is more suitable to adopt WAG flooding with a fixed water–gas ratio. For early water flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, WAG flooding more clearly improves oil recovery and suppresses gas channeling, but WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio exhibits a higher oil recovery and thus is recommended. For early gas flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, whether the development effect of WAG flooding can improve oil recovery and inhibit gas channeling strongly depends on whether the water–gas ratio is adjusted. The development effect of WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is significantly better than that with a fixed water–gas ratio. Therefore, WAG flooding with a dynamic water–gas ratio is recommended to achieve the best displacement effect. This research has important practical significance for further improving the development effect of WAG flooding in low-permeability reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Water–Gas Ratio of Water and Gas Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Cao,

Liu,

Feng

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To illustrate the control of fluid mobility in WAG processes, we can refer to the WAG ratio formula derived from Blackwell’s approach: WR = false( S normalw , rg − S wc false) − false( 1 − S wi false) · μ g μ w · K normalw , rg K normalg , wi 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, excessively high WAG ratios might cause oil blockages as water pathways can dominate, leading to reduced oil displacement. 30−32 To illustrate the control of fluid mobility in WAG processes, we can refer to the WAG ratio formula derived from Blackwell's approach: 33…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring Water–Gas Ratios to Saturation Distribution for Improved Oil Recovery in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Zhao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Experimental study on oil recovery characteristics of different CO2 flooding methods in sandstone reservoirs with NMR

Ding,

Qiao,

et al. 2025

Fuel

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Analytical model of incremental oil recovery as a function of WAG ratio and tapered WAG ratio benefits over uniform WAG ratio for heterogeneous reservoir

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Water–Gas Ratio of Water and Gas Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Water–Gas Ratio of Water and Gas Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Tailoring Water–Gas Ratios to Saturation Distribution for Improved Oil Recovery in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Experimental study on oil recovery characteristics of different CO2 flooding methods in sandstone reservoirs with NMR

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