Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of NB-IoT Device Energy Consumption

Andrés-Maldonado, Pilar; Lauridsen, Mads; Ameigeiras, Pablo; López-Soler, Juan M.

doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2904802

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…To assess energy consumption of the EPMD, a simplified energy consumption model is employed, which was derived from multiple sources on the calculation of GPRS [ 73 ], NB-IoT [ 22 , 74 , 75 ], LoRaWAN [ 22 , 76 , 77 , 78 ] and Sigfox [ 22 , 79 ] energy consumption. Simplifications are based on operational experience with the EPMD and recent publications including analysis and field testing of LPWAN sensors and monitoring devices [ 13 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential of LPWAN Communication Technologies for Near Real-Time Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems

Pointl

Fuchs-Hanusch

2021

Sensors

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While low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies have been studied extensively for a broad spectrum of smart city applications, their potential for water distribution system monitoring in high temporal resolution has not been studied in detail. However, due to their low power demand, these technologies offer new possibilities for operating pressure-monitoring devices for near real-time leak detection in water distribution systems (WDS). By combining long-distance wireless communication with low power consumption, LPWAN technologies promise long periods of maintenance-free device operation without having to rely on an external power source. This is of particular importance for pressure-based leak detection where optimal sensor positions are often located in the periphery of WDS without a suitable power source. To assess the potential of these technologies for replacing widely-used wireless communication technologies for leak detection, GPRS is compared with the LPWAN standards Narrowband IoT, long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) and Sigfox. Based on sampling and transmission rates commonly applied in leak detection, the ability of these three technologies to replace GPRS is analyzed based on a self-developed low-power pressure-monitoring device and a simplified, linear energy-consumption model. The results indicate that even though some of the analyzed LPWAN technologies may suffer from contractual and technical limitations, all of them offer viable alternatives, meeting the requirements of leak detection in WDS. In accordance with existing research on data transmission with these technologies, the findings of this work show that even while retaining a compact design, which entails a limited battery capacity, pressure-monitoring devices can exceed runtimes of 5 years, as required for installation at water meters in Austria. Thus, LPWAN technologies have the potential to advance the wide application of near real-time, pressure-based leak detection in WDS, while simultaneously reducing the cost of device operation significantly.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential of LPWAN Communication Technologies for Near Real-Time Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems

Pointl

Fuchs-Hanusch

2021

Sensors

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“…Several works have evaluated NB-IoT technology in terms of its UE's power consumption analysis and battery life-time estimations [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] that can be categorized into analytical, simulations, and experimental measurements based analysis. Most of these works provide analytical models with simulation based energy estimations [6]- [14].…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [8] have presented an NB-IoT energy consumption model with uplink and downlink data transmissions as defined by Poisson processes. The authors in [9] and [10] have tried to estimate the NB-IoT device battery life-time by using some simplified energy consumption equations, whereas the authors in [12] have proposed an NB-IoT UE energy consumption analytical model based on Markov chains. Similarly, the work in [14] presents an analytical model for evaluating the latency and maximum number of devices in any network.…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Modelling for the Baseline Energy Consumption of an NB-IoT Radio Transceiver

Khan¹,

Alam²,

Moullec³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an emerging cellular IoT technology that offers attractive features for deploying low-power wide area networks suitable for implementing massive machine type communications. NB-IoT features include e.g. extended coverage and deep penetration for massive connectivity, longer battery-life, appropriate throughput and desired latency at lower bandwidth. Regarding the device energy consumption, NB-IoT is mostly under-estimated for its control and signaling overheads, which calls for a better understanding of the energy consumption profiling of an NB-IoT radio transceiver. With this aim, this work presents a thorough investigation of the energy consumption profiling of Radio Resource Control (RRC) communication protocol between an NB-IoT radio transceiver and a cellular base-station. Using two different commercial off the shelf NB-IoT boards and two Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) NB-IoT test networks operational at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, we propose an empirical baseline energy consumption model. Based on comprehensive analyses of the profile traces from the widely used BG96 NB-IoT module operating in various states of RRC protocol, our results indicate that the proposed model accurately depicts the baseline energy consumption of an NB-IoT radio transceiver while operating at different coverage class levels. The evaluation errors for our proposed model vary between 0.33% and 15.38%.<br>

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“…Regarding NB-IoT energy management, 3GPP introduced two power saving schemes in Releases 13 and 14, i.e., PSM and eDRX. These modes allow the UE to enter a state where monitoring the signaling and scheduling information is not needed [43]. There is already research available on the energy performance of NB-IoT with regard to this.…”

Section: Performance Analysis With Real Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that a device transmitting 100 bytes of payload every 24 h can operate for more than 12 years with a C-cell battery. The authors of [43] presented and validated a model of NB-IoT performance with regard to battery lifetime and latency. The results indicated that power does not grow in a linear manner in terms of packet length; instead, it is worsened due to the segmentation of longer packets.…”

Section: Performance Analysis With Real Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Authentication and Credential Establishment in Narrowband IoT and 5G

Sánchez-Gómez

García-Carrillo²,

Marin-Perez³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Security is critical in the deployment and maintenance of novel IoT and 5G networks. The process of bootstrapping is required to establish a secure data exchange between IoT devices and data-driven platforms. It entails, among other steps, authentication, authorization, and credential management. Nevertheless, there are few efforts dedicated to providing service access authentication in the area of constrained IoT devices connected to recent wireless networks such as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and 5G. Therefore, this paper presents the adaptation of bootstrapping protocols to be compliant with the 3GPP specifications in order to enable the 5G feature of secondary authentication for constrained IoT devices. To allow the secondary authentication and key establishment in NB-IoT and 4G/5G environments, we have adapted two Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) lower layers, i.e., PANATIKI and LO-CoAP-EAP. In fact, this approach presents the evaluation of both aforementioned EAP lower layers, showing the contrast between a current EAP lower layer standard, i.e., PANA, and one specifically designed with the constraints of IoT, thus providing high flexibility and scalability in the bootstrapping process in 5G networks. The proposed solution is evaluated to prove its efficiency and feasibility, being one of the first efforts to support secure service authentication and key establishment for constrained IoT devices in 5G environments.

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Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of NB-IoT Device Energy Consumption

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing the Potential of LPWAN Communication Technologies for Near Real-Time Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems

Assessing the Potential of LPWAN Communication Technologies for Near Real-Time Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems

An Empirical Modelling for the Baseline Energy Consumption of an NB-IoT Radio Transceiver

Secure Authentication and Credential Establishment in Narrowband IoT and 5G

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