Analytical Modeling of a Multifunctional Segmented Lithium Ion Battery Unimorph Actuator

Gonzalez, Cody; Ma, Jun; Frecker, Mary; Rahn, Christopher D.

doi:10.1115/smasis2018-8123

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This model is adapted in part from earlier work on modeling electroactive polymer actuators [15]. The free deflection model was developed by the authors in [4,36] and is summarized in section 3.1.…”

Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy storage of LIB is a unique advantage when compared to electroactive, magnetoactive, and pneumatic actuators where actuation is time-dependent and based on external input such as an electric field, magnetic field, or pump respectively. The actuation strain of this actuator can be in excess of 17% at full state of charge (SOC), but the stresspotential coupling self-sensing effect is another strong advantage of this multifunctional actuator [4]. While lithium insertion is time-dependent, it is assumed that the lithium ion transport and resulting deflection in the LIB actuators occur quasi-statically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work by the authors focused on prediction of free deflection and blocked force. This was done for various cases including segmented LIB unimorphs of spatially varying SOC and geometry [4]. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to similarly predict the free deflection of a segmented cantilever unimorph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical modeling and simulation of a multifunctional segmented lithium ion battery unimorph actuator

Gonzalez¹,

Ma²,

Frecker³

et al. 2020

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are able to achieve large deformation and high actuation force when using a unimorph configuration and a silicon composite anode. Distribution of charge to different segments allows for shape change with only small parasitic losses due to internal resistance. A unique attribute of LIB actuators are their ability to maintain actuation shape. The actuation mechanism also requires no power to be consumed to maintain the deformed shape. Segmenting the unimorph improves the customizability and allows for spatial variation of the unimorph parameters. Spatially varying the charge and thickness of the unimorph along the length improves the range of motion and complex shapes achievable by this design. Spatially varying the thickness of the unimorph specifically allows for improved blocked force and actuation force per volume. An analytical model is developed to predict several key actuator metrics. Free deflection is found for a variety of example cases. Blocked deflection and blocked force are also found using a novel modified equivalent end moment method. Actuation force is found using a combination of both the free deflection and blocked force equations herein developed. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used, including the effects of beam segmentation and curvature shortening. This model and a commercial finite element analysis simulation are compared and experimentally verified.

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Section: Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical modeling and simulation of a multifunctional segmented lithium ion battery unimorph actuator

Gonzalez¹,

Ma²,

Frecker³

et al. 2020

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Ma et al (2017) model the free deflection of a silicon anode based unimorph. This model is further developed by the authors for predicting the free deflection (Gonzalez et al, 2018), as well as blocked force and blocked deflection of segmented unimorphs (Gonzalez et al, 2019(Gonzalez et al, , 2021. The model is then extended into a bimorph configuration to predict free deflection of a segmented bimorph (Gonzalez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling of a multilayer, multimorph lithium-ion battery actuator

Gonzalez

Shan

Frecker

et al. 2023

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Silicon-anode based lithium-ion batteries can provide large actuation strain and actuator strain energy through their novel electrochemical actuation mechanism. Battery actuators have strong potential as multifunctional actuators due to their ability to store energy, actuate, and self-sense. This paper presents a generic multilayer model that can predict the following actuator metrics for a multimorph: free deflection, blocked deflection, blocked force, actuator force, and actuator strain energy. Two case studies are explored including an experimentally validated case study with a 13-layer multimorph and a 33-layer multimorph. These case studies are investigated for a range of coating layer thicknesses and for two prevailing assumptions. The first assumes perfect bonding of all layers within the multimorph, and the second is a novel method where some layer interfaces in a multimorph are assumed be in slip. Results under the perfect bonding assumption indicate that the stiffer 33-layer performs better than the 13-layer in blocked force and actuator strain energy per active material volume. The 13-layer multimorph performs better in free deflection due to its larger compliance. When some layers are assumed to slip, the free and blocked deflection increase, due to the increased compliance, relative to all the perfectly bonded case studies.

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Analytical Modeling and Simulation of the Blocked Force and Large Deformation of Multifunctional Segmented Lithium Ion Battery Unimorph Actuator

Gonzalez

Frecker

et al. 2019

ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems

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A self-powered, and self-actuating lithium ion battery (LIB) has the potential to achieve large deformation while still maintaining actuation force. The energy storage capability allows for continual actuation without an external power source once charged. Reshaping the actuator requires a nonuniform distribution of charge and/or bending stiffness. Spatially varying the state of charge and bending stiffness along the length of a segmented unimorph configuration have the effect of improving the tailorability of the deformed actuator. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict the actuation properties of the segmented unimorph beam to determine its usefulness as an actuator. The model predicts the free deflection, blocked deflection, and blocked force at the tip as a function of spatially varying state of charge and bending stiffness. The main contribution of the paper is the development of blocked deflection over the length of the segmented unimorph, which has not yet been considered in the literature. The model is verified using experimental data and commercial finite element analysis.

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Analytical Modeling of a Multifunctional Segmented Lithium Ion Battery Unimorph Actuator

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Analytical modeling and simulation of a multifunctional segmented lithium ion battery unimorph actuator

Analytical modeling and simulation of a multifunctional segmented lithium ion battery unimorph actuator

Analytical modeling of a multilayer, multimorph lithium-ion battery actuator

Analytical Modeling and Simulation of the Blocked Force and Large Deformation of Multifunctional Segmented Lithium Ion Battery Unimorph Actuator

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