Analytical modeling of glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotubes

Abstract

In recent years, carbon nanotubes have received widespread attention as promising carbon-based nanoelectronic devices. Due to their exceptional physical, chemical, and electrical properties, namely a high surface-to-volume ratio, their enhanced electron transfer properties, and their high thermal conductivity, carbon nanotubes can be used effectively as electrochemical sensors. The integration of carbon nanotubes with a functional group provides a good and solid support for the immobilization of enzymes. The determination of glucose levels using biosensors, particularly in the medical diagnostics and food industries, is gaining mass appeal. Glucose biosensors detect the glucose molecule by catalyzing glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen. This action provides high accuracy and a quick detection rate. In this paper, a single-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistor biosensor for glucose detection is analytically modeled. In the proposed model, the glucose concentration is presented as a function of gate voltage. Subsequently, the proposed model is compared with existing experimental data. A good consensus between the model and the experimental data is reported. The simulated data demonstrate that the analytical model can be employed with an electrochemical glucose sensor to predict the behavior of the sensing mechanism in biosensors.

Current trends in nanomaterial embedded field effect transistor-based biosensor

“…CNT-based glucose sensors show good sensitivity (18.75 A/mM), with a linear range of 2 to 10 mM at drain voltage 0.7 V. Due to the oxidation of H 2 O 2 and good quality of the applied polymer substrate, one can keep immobilized GOx in the potential range of 2 to 50 mM; however, the normalized root mean square (RMS) error is present (13% on average) but does not increase in this model. The difference between experimental and simulation values was due to the onset of saturation impression in the drain current at very high gate voltages and because the enzyme response was limited in the used glucose concentrations (Pourasl et al, 2014).…”

“…Effective layers of CNTs were tested in biosensors with different device architectures and designs of construction. CNTs allow a more suitable environment for immobilized biomolecules and hence provide fast electron movement with the electrode surface (Pourasl et al, 2014). Mostly, CNT-based electronic devices are used for detection of various bio-molecules.…”

How to engineer glucose oxidase for mediated electron transfer

“…Material science and protein engineering develop approaches to overcome those limitations. Material science focuses on the modification of the enzyme–electrode interface for improved electrochemical communication (du Toit & Di Lorenzo, ; Gonzalez‐Gaitan et al, ; Haghighi, Hallaj, & Salimi, ; Husain, ; Li et al, ; Mano et al, ; M. Zhang et al, ; Pourasl et al, ; Sağlam et al, ; Shrestha et al, ; Suganthi et al, ; Tian et al, ; Zhu et al, ). Protein engineering aims to optimize the enzyme toward specific needs and to gain knowledge about the involved mechanisms on a molecular level.…”

Analytical modeling of the sensing parameters for graphene nanoscroll-based gas sensors

“…Therefore, a detection system with a good sensing mechanism and high sensitivity to detect these gases has become an essential need for modern nanoscale technology. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The aforementioned properties along with additional features such as small size and high electrical sensitivity show that CNTs can be good candidates for use as nanosensors. [8][9][10][11][12] More recently, single layer graphene (SLG) and other structures of graphene have been introduced as promising candidates to be employed in gas sensors, FETs, and high-frequency transistors, to interconnect in the electronic circuits and MOSFETs for better performance compared to previous electronic devices.…”