Analytical models for trust based routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks

Abstract

In Wireless Ad Hoc Network environment, there are three ways to understand a routing protocol: (i) monitoring, (ii) simulation and (iii) modeling. In this paper, the different trust based secure routing protocols used in wireless ad hoc networks are analyzed, modeled and described by incorporating process flow diagrams. These process flow diagrams represent stepwise work flow activities and actions. It shows the overall flow of control of a process, program or a protocol. This paper focuses on the security aspects of routing by incorporating trust parameter into account and also highlights methodology used in secure routing protocols. Such protocols have been categorized based on the model used for enforcing security, methodology and information for making effective routing decisions. In this paper, we model, discuss and analyze trust based secure ad hoc routing schemes which do not require each network node to work in promiscuous mode. We propose and design a new protocol - Trust based Routing using Dominating Set Approach (TRDSA) which overcomes the shortcomings of existing protocols.

Chaotic Whale Crow Optimization Algorithm for Secure Routing in the IoT Environment

“…Secured Trust-aware Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (SecTrust-RPL) in the IoT determines and detaches routing attacks by offering improved network performance (Airehrour, et al, 2019). Secure routing protocols, like Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW) (Paris, et al, 2013), Semi-Distributed Reputationbased Intrusion Detection System (S-D RepIDS) (Trivedi, et al, 2010), Trusted based routing using Dominating Set Approach (TRDSA) (Kukreja & Reddy, 2012), Secure Resilient Reputation-based Routing (SR3) (Altisen, et al, 2013), reputation-based Framework for Sensor Networks (RFSN) (Ganeriwal, et al, 2008), and Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Reputation Extension (AODV) (Over MANET, 2012)are illustrated. Secure Resilient Reputation-based Routing (SR3), Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW), and Trusted based routing using Dominating Set Approach (TRDSA) use reputation methods for core deductive components (Hatzivasilis, et al, 2017).…”

WOATCA: A secure and energy aware scheme based on whale optimisation in clustered wireless sensor networks

“…Moreover, Bayrakdar [19] suggested a cooperative communication‐based access approach for WSNs to improve network throughput and energy efficiency. Kukreja et al [20] suggested a new trust‐based routing scheme named TRDSA by incorporating a dominating set mechanism. This approach aims to achieve secure ad hoc routing in wireless networks.…”

SPD-Safe: security, privacy and dependability management on embedded systems in safety-critical applications

“…temperature). In the Trusted based Routing using Dominating Set Approach (TRDSA) [107] only a set of trusted nodes with sufficient remaining energy need to operate in promiscuous mode and capture malicious activity, reducing the overall energy consumption. Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW) [108] combines cross network-layer observations.…”

“…To address the above issue, routing protocols are designed that integrate the energy consumption data in the path selection process [107]. The nodes exchange their remaining energy level.…”

“…SCOTRES assigns a weight of 20% for the routing, 60% for the forwarding (as forwarding is consider more important for the network durability e.g. [104], [107], [108]), and 20% for the recommending operation (based on a previous security and performance analysis on trust systems for secure routing, conducted by the authors [13]).…”