Analytical pyrolysis of re-circulated leachates: Towards an improved municipal waste treatment

Analytical Pyrolysis and Soft‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…Leachates from municipal waste had more N -containing compounds and peptides than did the other sample groups. This points to signifi cant proportions of easily metabolized OM and intensive microbial decomposition, as also confi rmed by the conventional sum parameters in wastewater [e.g., chemical and biological oxygen demand (Franke et al, 2006(Franke et al, , 2007]. Besides these obvious differences in the general DOM composition, the standard deviations and more detailed spectra evaluations demonstrate the analytical capabilities of Py -FIMS in the detection of even small differences according to physiological reactions of plants, microbial metabolism, distribution in landscapes, and technical processes.…”

“…Nevertheless, under optimal analytical conditions, pyrolysis provided valuable information on nonliving organic matter as shown recently, for example, by K ö gel -Knabner (2000) , Schulten and Leinweber (2000) and Zang and Hatcher (2002) . Furthermore, our general recommendation is to use at least two independent analytical methods for the determination of composition and structures of nonliving organic matter, as was done in a recent study of organic matter from municipal waste (Franke et al, 2006(Franke et al, , 2007.…”

Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Identification of Distinctive Structures Providing Humic Character to Organic Materials

“…The pyrolysis was performed by heating approximately 0.5‐mg samples to 500°C for 1 min. This temperature was chosen because it has been reported to be a good compromise for heterogeneous materials containing polysaccharides, proteins, and lignins (Saiz‐Jiménez, 1994a, 1994b) and because it has been used previously in the study of humic substances extracted from composts (González‐Vila et al, 1999), soil, and aquatic humic substances (MacCarthy et al, 1985; Schulten and Gleixner, 1999; González‐Vila et al, 2001) and composts (Franke et al, 2007; González‐Vila et al, 2009). The released pyrolysates were analyzed on a GC/MS system, composed of a gas chromatograph (model 6890; Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) (30 m × 250 μm i.d.…”

Nitrogen speciation in fine and coarse clay fractions of a Cryoboroll - new evidence from pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and nitrogen K-edge XANES

“…These comprised substituted pyridines, pyrroles, pyrazines, pyrazoles, imidazoles, quinolines, side-chain N-containing benzenes, and single compounds of substituted benzotriazole, purine and indole. These and similarly substituted N-heterocyclic compounds were detected by Cp Py-GC/MS under the same analytical conditions in aquatic humic fractions and dissolved organic matter (Schulten 1999;Schulten et al 2002), in organic precursors of SOM such as microbial biomass and plant residues (Schulten and Schnitzer 1998), re-circulated leachates of municipal solid waste (Franke et al 2006(Franke et al , 2007 and also in whole soils such as Vertisols (Leinweber et al 1999) and Haplaborolls in the Canadian prairies (Leinweber et al 2009b). These Nheterocyclic compounds often were explained by their formation during Cp pyrolysis, as shown for individual amino acids and peptides (Bracewell and Robertson 1984;Schulten et al 1995).…”