Analytical pyrolysis with in situ thermally assisted derivatisation, Py(HMDS)-GC/MS, for the chemical characterization of archaeological birch bark tar

Ribechini, Erika; Bacchiocchi, Manuel; Devièse, Thibaut; Colombini, Maria Perla

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.02.011

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since early times, the resinous substances secreted by trees have been widely used either in their natural form or as tar and pitch to waterproof the planking of ships and vessels, and as adhesives [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Tar and pitch have been of great importance in terms of their properties, such as insolubility in water, adhesion and glasslike characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation chemistry of archaeological pine pitch containing beeswax as an additive

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et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Thermo analytical techniques and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to evaluate the presence of chemical-physical interactions between pine pitch and beeswax used as additive The mixtures found in several archaeological objects demonstrate that by modifying the physical and chemical properties of pitch and tar, our ancestors were able to add a variety of organic materials, such as waxes or animal fats.Westudied pine pitch replicas from Pinus sylvestris prepared following a test from the field of experimental archaeology. Varying proportions of beeswax were added and then the resulting pitches were studied by a multi-analytical approach comprising the use of thermo analytical techniques (DSC, TG and TG-FTIR) and GC/MS, which provides molecular information. The same approach was also used to study a mixture of pitch from Pinus sylvestris L. and beeswax ("Zopissa"), whose relative proportions were unknown, and two archaeological adhesives collected from glass opus sectile fragments found in the northern necropolis of Antinoopolis (Egypt, 4th-5th century AD). Our thermo-analytical techniques managed to determine the relative proportion of pine pitch and additives, such as beeswax, in unknown archeological mixtures, and to evaluate the presence of interactions between pitch and additive

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation chemistry of archaeological pine pitch containing beeswax as an additive

Duce

Orsini

Spepi

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was also successfully used to study birch bark tar, used as adhesive since the Palaeolithic period. [9] Thec hromatographic profile comprising lupanetype triterpenoids and the pyrolysis products of polymerised suberin and suberan (aliphatic acids,alkanes and alkenes) led to the identification of birch bark tar in the formulation of archaeological adhesives from awooden spindle recovered in aGallo-Roman burial (3rd century AD) and from the golden sheath of aThracian dagger (8th-7th centuries BC) recovered in Bulgaria. Pyrolysis has also been used in the molecular characterisation of fossil resins, [10] entailing the identification of succinite, [10a] also known as Baltic amber, which travelled to Italy through the Amber route already during the 7th century BC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Analytical Pyrolysis to Investigate Organic Materials in Heritage Science

et al. 2018

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The molecular characterization of organic materials in samples from artworks and historical objects traditionally entailed qualitative and quantitative analyses by HPLC and GC. Today innovative approaches based on analytical pyrolysis enable samples to be analysed without any chemical pre-treatment. Pyrolysis, which is often considered as a screening technique, shows previously unexplored potential thanks to recent instrumental developments. Organic materials that are macromolecular in nature, or undergo polymerization upon curing and ageing can now be better investigated. Most constituents of paint layers and archaeological organic substances contain major insoluble and chemically non-hydrolysable fractions that are inaccessible to GC or HPLC. To date, molecular scientific investigations of the organic constituents of artworks and historical objects have mostly focused on the minor constituents of the sample. This review presents recent advances in the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of organic materials in heritage objects based on analytical pyrolysis coupled with mass spectrometry.

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“…Eine der ersten Anwendungen der analytischen Pyrolyse war die Analyse 2000–4000 Jahre alter ägyptischer Mumien‐Kartonagen zur Identifizierung der organischen Bestandteile der Klebstoffe . Pyrolyse gekoppelt mit GC/MS (Py‐GC/MS) wurde ebenso erfolgreich zur Untersuchung von Birkenpech, der seit dem Paläolithikum als Klebstoff verwendet wird, benutzt . Die chromatographischen Profile von Triterpenoiden des Lupan‐Typs sowie die Pyrolyseprofile von polymerisiertem Suberin und Suberan (aliphatische Carbonsäuren, Alkane und Alkene) führten zur Identifizierung von Birkenpech in Formulierungen von archäologischen Klebstoffen in einer hölzernen Spindel aus einer Gallo‐Romanischen Grabesstätte (3.…”

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Anwendung der analytischen Pyrolyse zur Untersuchung organischer Materialien in Kulturgütern

et al. 2018

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Bei der molekulare Charakterisierung von organischen Materialien in Proben von Kunstwerken und historischen Objekten wird traditionell die qualitative und quantitative Analyse mittels HPLC und GC durchgeführt. Heutige Ansätze, basierend auf analytischer Pyrolyse, ermöglichen die Analyse von Proben ohne chemische Vorbehandlung. Die Pyrolyse, die bisher oft als Screening‐Methode angesehen wurde, birgt bisher unerkannte Möglichkeiten dank jüngster Entwicklungen in der instrumentellen Analytik. Organische Materialien makromolekularer Natur oder solche, die während des Trocknens und Alterns polymerisieren, können nun besser untersucht werden. Farbschichten und archäologische organische Substanzen beinhalten oft als Hauptbestandteil unlösliche und chemisch nicht‐hydrolisierbare Bestandteile, die durch GC und HPLC nicht zugänglich sind. Bis zum heutigen Tage haben sich die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen organischer Bestandteile von Kunstgegenständen und historischen Objekten vor allem auf die löslichen Nebenbestandteile beschränkt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz präsentiert die jüngsten Fortschritte bei qualitativen und semiquantitativen Analysen von organischen Materialien in Kulturgütern, basierend auf analytischer Pyrolyse gekoppelt mit Massenspektrometrie.

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Analytical pyrolysis with in situ thermally assisted derivatisation, Py(HMDS)-GC/MS, for the chemical characterization of archaeological birch bark tar

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Thermal degradation chemistry of archaeological pine pitch containing beeswax as an additive

Thermal degradation chemistry of archaeological pine pitch containing beeswax as an additive

Recent Advances in Analytical Pyrolysis to Investigate Organic Materials in Heritage Science

Anwendung der analytischen Pyrolyse zur Untersuchung organischer Materialien in Kulturgütern

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