Analytical Review of Geopolymer Concrete: Retrospective and Current Issues

Abstract

The concept of sustainable development provides for the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional materials and technologies that would reduce the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, do not pollute the environment, and reduce energy costs and the cost of production processes. These technologies include the production of geopolymer concretes. The purpose of the study was a detailed in-depth analytical review of studies of the processes of structure formation and properties of geopolymer concretes in retrospect and the current state of the issue. Geopolymer concrete is a suitable, environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to concrete based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with higher strength and deformation properties due to its more stable and denser aluminosilicate spatial microstructure. The properties and durability of geopolymer concretes depend on the composition of the mixture and the proportions of its components. A review of the mechanisms of structure formation, the main directions for the selection of compositions and processes of polymerization of geopolymer concretes has been made. The technologies of combined selection of the composition of geopolymer concrete, production of nanomodified geopolymer concrete, 3D printing of building structures from geopolymer concrete, and monitoring the state of structures using self-sensitive geopolymer concrete are considered. Geopolymer concrete with the optimal ratio of activator and binder has the best properties. Geopolymer concretes with partial replacement of OPC with aluminosilicate binder have a denser and more compact microstructure due to the formation of a large amount of calcium silicate hydrate, which provides improved strength, durability, less shrinkage, porosity and water absorption. An assessment of the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the production of geopolymer concrete compared to the production of OPC has been made. The potential of using geopolymer concretes in construction practice is assessed in detail.

Understanding erosion resistance mechanisms of sodium aluminate silicate hydrate in erosion environments: a molecular dynamics study

“…It is also mentioned in the literature that water molecules mainly induce hydrolysis of Al-O bonds and hardly affect the stability of Si-O bonds, which is consistent with our analysis. 18 Meanwhile, we also counted the difference in the average density of the NASH matrix in vacuum, H 2 O, and Na 2 SO 4 environments, which were 2.04, 2.03, and 2.06 g cm −3 , respectively, and the structure of the matrix in the Na 2 SO 4 environment was more dense, and the increase in the compressive strength of NASH in Na 2 SO 4 environment reported in the literature is the reason for the structural densication, 55 which indicates that our simulation of the decrease in matrix tensile strength is plausible and valid. Subsequently, in Fig.…”

Strength and microstructural analysis of geopolymer prepared with coal-based synthetic natural gas slag

“…This has led to a consistent surge in its demand, as noted in recent studies (Xue et al, 2021). Nonetheless, the production processes of this cement are increasingly scrutinized for their extensive depletion of natural resources and significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, factors that exacerbate environmental degradation (Aliabdo et al, 2019;Meskhi et al, 2023). It has been quantified that the manufacture of every tonne of cement is accompanied by the emission of roughly an equivalent tonne of CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x , presenting a substantial challenge to atmospheric health (Naik, 2008).…”

“…Nonetheless, the production processes of this cement are increasingly scrutinized for their extensive depletion of natural resources and significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, factors that exacerbate environmental degradation (Aliabdo et al. , 2019; Meskhi et al. , 2023).…”

Long-Term Leaching Behavior and Geochemical Modeling of Cement Solidified Incineration Fly Ash Containing Waste Tires and Wood Biomass

“…Simultaneously, it is crucial to adopt a sustainable approach for properly recycling significant quantities of incineration ash, aiming to minimize potential environmental impacts and utilize landfill space [2]. Significant efforts have been made to establish effective evaluation methods, including laboratory leaching tests, field tests, life cycle assessments, and monetary valuation to assess the utilization of incineration ash as a substitute for natural resources in construction applications and the production of new materials [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Moreover, studies have specifically focused on the potential of recycling incineration ash as a replacement for natural aggregates in civil engineering applications, such as road construction [7,[9][10][11][12][13].…”