Analytical strategies for determination of cadmium in Brazilian vinegar samples using ET AAS

Abstract

This paper proposes two methods for determination of cadmium in vinegar employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimization step was performed using two-level full factorial and Box-Behnken designs, being that a new multiple response function was established. Under experimental conditions of pyrolysis temperature of 640 °C and atomization temperature of 2000 °C, the direct method allows the analysis using the external calibration technique, with limit of quantification of 14 ng L(-1) and characteristic mass of 1.2 pg, having aluminium as chemical modifier. This method was applied in six samples of vinegar acquired from Salvador City, Brazil. The cadmium content varied from 20 to 890 ng L(-1). Other method was also proposed by digestion using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in reflux system employing cold finger, being cadmium determined by ETAAS. The results obtained with the complete digestion procedure were in agreement with those found by the direct method proposed herein.

Cadmium Contents in Biodegradable Films Made from Cassava

“…When compared to the flame atomization method, the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is the most suitable technique to determine elements such as Cd, in trace level concentrations in polymer samples. The latter has many advantages such as its high sensitivity, its limits of detection in the order of micrograms per liter μg/L to ng/L, its tolerance to complex matrices, the fact that it minimizes analyte loss, that it uses few sample volumes, and that it reduces analyst contamination risk [65][66][67][68][69]. With this technique, samples are often introduced in solution form, however, the EAA-HG technique with solid samples has been reported as a simple and fast method for the determination of lead and cadmium in polymer samples [65].…”

Atomic absorption spectrometry for the quantification of cadmium in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

“…After cooling off, they were filtered through a Gooch crucible (Schott Duran glass porosity 2), stored in polyethylene containers at 4 C, and finally, analyzed using GF-AAS (Thermo AA S4, Thermo Fisher Scientific). 30,32,37,45,47,48…”

“…GF-AAS is a good alternative for the determination of trace elements such as Cd due to its high sensitivity, with limits of detection in the order of micrograms per liter. [44][45][46][47] Sample preparation involving acid digestion was employed in this study. 41 The purpose of this study is the quantification of Cd in samples of thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films and their raw materials from a standardized technique of GF-AAS, after a sample acid digestion treatment with nitric: perchloric acid mixture.…”

A Facile Aptasensor for Instantaneous Determination of Cadmium Ions Based on Fluorescence Amplification Effect of MOPS on FAM-Labeled Aptamer

“…To this end, the regulatory guidance for Cd 2+ in drinking water has been formulated by World Health Organization (WHO, 3 ng mL −1 ) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 5 ng mL −1 ), respectively. In addition, various analytical techniques including electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) [ 11 , 12 ], have been employed to determine Cd 2+ in laboratory. As far as on-site and real-time determination and monitoring of Cd 2+ in fields is concerned, the challenge comes as how to develop a convenient method without compromising performance and efficiency.…”