Analytical techniques for mapping multi-hazard with geo-environmental modeling approaches and UAV images

Abstract

The quantitative spatial analysis is a strong tool for the study of natural hazards and their interactions. Over the last decades, a range of techniques have been exceedingly used in spatial analysis, especially applying GIS and R software. In the present paper, the multi-hazard susceptibility maps compared in 2020 and 2021 using an array of data mining techniques, GIS tools, and Unmanned aerial vehicles. The produced maps imply the most effective morphometric parameters on collapsed pipes, gully heads, and landslides using the linear regression model. The multi-hazard maps prepared using seven classifiers of Boosted regression tree (BRT), Flexible discriminant analysis (FDA), Multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), Mixture discriminant analysis (MDA), Random forest (RF), Generalized linear model (GLM), and Support vector machine (SVM). The results of each model revealed that the greatest percentage of the study region was low susceptible to collapsed pipes, landslides, and gully heads, respectively. The results of the multi-hazard models represented that 52.22% and 48.18% of the study region were not susceptible to any hazards in 2020 and 2021, while 6.19% (2020) and 7.39% (2021) of the region were at the risk of all compound events. The validation results indicate the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of all applied models was more than 0.70 for the landform susceptibility maps in 2020 and 2021. It was found where multiple events co-exist, what their potential interrelated effects are or how they interact jointly. It is the direction to take in the future to determine the combined effect of multi-hazards so that policymakers can have a better attitude toward sustainable management of environmental landscapes and support socio-economic development.

Detection of Sinkholes and Landslides in a Semi-Arid Environment Using Deep-Learning Methods, UAV images, and Topographical Derivatives

“…The use of "UAVs" in natural events and urgent situations is developing (Watson et al, 2019;Windrim et al, 2019), and compared to conventional tools, it has the potential to prepare data with better resolution (Brovkina et al, 2018). Recently "UAV" was applied in multi-hazard susceptibility mapping in the same hilly loess region of the current study by Kariminejad et al (2022) where they reported sinkholes were the most perilous natural hazard, followed by landslides, and headcuts. UAVs have been used on several papers to collect various data for landslide inventories, and piping/headcut monitoring (Lin et The literature indicates that there are few studies that examine the use of UAV with DL to automatically map landslides and sinkholes, while none of them is tested in a semi-arid environment.…”

“…Landslides have also endangered the residents of the study area and their properties. Since these geohazards are rainfall-induced, they increase in size and severity after erosive rainfall (Kariminejad et al, 2022). Therefore, these issues, apart from identifying the factors in uencing the formation of these land degradation processes, led us to restate the problems and their impacts to nally nd suitable solutions for their management.…”

“…Due to erosive rainfall in the same region, the number and volume of sinkholes and landslides increased that shows the importance of soil erosion and highly erodible conditions of loess landscapes (Kariminejad et al, 2022). Based on eld surveys, sinkholes precede and are formed earlier than drainage networks.…”

“…So, their identi cation, monitoring, managing, and bioengineering are critically important. In earlier research of the Iranian Loess Plateau (ILP) (Kariminejad et al, 2022), it was mentioned that sinkholes and gully heads are highly concentrated in rangeland, and they are managed and controlled in cropland by landowners and agricultural practices.…”

UAV obstacle avoidance with PID control based on improved sparrow search algorithm

“…They offer advantages such as low manufacturing costs, high portability, and suitability for extreme environments. With the rapid advancement of UAV technology, their applications have expanded from initial military applications, such as patrol reconnaissance and small-scale combat, to civilian domains, including route inspections and high-altitude mapping [2]. The widening scope of applications introduces increasing complexity in situations where UAVs encounter obstacles.…”