Analytical Tools

Ulman, Abraham

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092631-5.50008-7

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 456 publications

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“…Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films have attracted substantial interest over the last two decades since they have potential for some practical applications in sensors, nonlinear optics, and electronic devices and keep serving as model systems for studying ordered films. − Extensive research including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, and X-ray diffraction studies has been performed 1,2 aiming to elucidate the inherent molecular structure of the film and the relative orientation of the aliphatic chains with respect to the substrate surface. A large segment of the existing experimental data have been accumulated by IR studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Ellipsometry of Langmuir−Blodgett Films on Gold. Toward Interpreting the Molecular Orientation

et al. 2002

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Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films (nine double layers) of 2-[4-(N-dodecanoylamino)phenyl]-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole on gold were analyzed by means of infrared (IR) ellipsometry followed by theoretical interpretation of the measured spectra in a uniaxial anisotropic layer model. The same material in a KBr pellet was investigated by IR transmission spectroscopy. The evaluation provided data for vibrational band parameters, necessary for elucidation of the molecular orientation. The LB film was then annealed at 130°C since structural changes due to the thermal treatment were expected to occur, and hence the films before and after annealing can serve as model systems with different molecular orientations. The data revealed that the molecules were hydrogen bonded both in a pellet and as LB films. These bonds were only partly disrupted due to the thermal treatment and play the role of an additional factor stabilizing the film structure. After annealing, a change of about 14°was calculated from ellipsometric spectra for the head NO2 group orientation with respect to the surface plane, which would provoke a commensurable decrease of the aliphatic chain tilt angle. The presented results demonstrate the capabilities of infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry not only to determine the film optical constants and thickness, but also to probe some aspects of the molecular orientation. IntroductionLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have attracted substantial interest over the last two decades since they have potential for some practical applications in sensors, nonlinear optics, and electronic devices and keep serving as model systems for studying ordered films. 1-3 Extensive research including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, secondharmonic generation (SHG), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, and X-ray diffraction studies has been performed 1,2 aiming to elucidate the inherent molecular structure of the film and the relative orientation of the aliphatic chains with respect to the substrate surface. A large segment of the existing experimental data have been accumulated by IR studies. In attempts to better characterize the intrinsic molecular orientation, both transmission measurements on IR transparent substrates and reflection measurements on metallic, dielectric, or semiconductor surfaces have been carried out. 4-7 While normal incidence IR transmission spectra of LB films display bands due to vibrational transition moments projected into directions within the surface plane, reflection spectra on metallic substrates exhibit only bands due

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Ellipsometry of Langmuir−Blodgett Films on Gold. Toward Interpreting the Molecular Orientation

et al. 2002

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“…SAMs are molecular monolayers spontaneously formed at the interface between a solid substrate and a solution − or vapor phase, , as shown in Figure A. SAMs usually feature strong chemical bonding between the headgroup of the self-assembling molecule and the substrate, molecular-scale thickness, and a packing order within the molecular monolayer . The chemical structure of the self-assembling molecules can be highly versatile as illustrated in Figure B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembled Monolayers for Batteries

Mao

Shen

et al. 2021

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Current studies in the Li-battery field are focusing on building systems with higher energy density than ever before. The path toward this goal, however, should not ignore aspects such as safety, stability, and cycling life. These issues frequently originate from interfacial instability, and therefore, precise surface chemistry that allows for accurate control of material surface and interfaces is much in demand for advanced battery research. Molecular self-assembly as a surface chemistry tool is considered to surpass many conventional coating techniques due to its intrinsic merits such as spontaneous organization, molecular-scale uniformity, and structural diversity. Recent publications have demonstrated the power of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in addressing pressing issues in the battery field such as the chemical stability of Li, but many more investigations are needed to fully explore the potential and impact of this technique on energy storage. This perspective is the first of its kind devoted to SAMs in batteries and related materials. Recent research progress on SAMs in batteries is reviewed and mainly falls in two categories, including the improvement of chemical stability and the regulation of nucleation in conversion electrode reactions. Future applications and consideration of SAMs in energy storage are discussed. We believe these summaries and outlooks are highly stimulative and may benefit future advancements in battery chemistry.

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Selective Electrode Coatings for Electroanalysis

Klein

Peters

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Tremendous strides have taken place in recent years in our ability to modify electrodes chemically to enhance their selectivity and sensitivity for electroanalyses. Four different categories of selective electrode coatings have been chosen for discussion in this article: self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs); polymer coatings; Langmuir–Blodgett films; and immobilized enzymes. Each of these chemical modifications is discussed in terms of the necessary materials, the methods of preparation and characterization, and some examples of analytical applications.

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Analytical Tools

Cited by 10 publications

References 456 publications

Infrared Ellipsometry of Langmuir−Blodgett Films on Gold. Toward Interpreting the Molecular Orientation

Infrared Ellipsometry of Langmuir−Blodgett Films on Gold. Toward Interpreting the Molecular Orientation

Self-Assembled Monolayers for Batteries

Selective Electrode Coatings for Electroanalysis

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