Analytical Uses of Piezoelectric Crystals: A Review

Acoustic Wave Sensors

“…In recent years there has been extensive investigation of the operation of these devices in liquids. TSM sensors for use in gas and liquid phases have been extensively reviewed [1, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recent advances in TSM device design include a 30 MHz device using a specially thinned plate [29].…”

“…Sensing materials were reviewed in the previous chapter in this series [1] and in other publications [6,7,9,13,15,17,18]. Polymers are useful for organic vapor sensing because they offer rapid reversible vapor sorption, their selectivities and other properties can be altered by chemical structure, and they can be applied as thin films by a variety of techniques.…”

The fabrication and characterization of a formaldehyde odor sensor using molecularly imprinted polymers

“…From this it can be seen that vibrating quartz can be an extremely sensitive weight indicator. The use of QCM for the determination of gaseous compound had also been reported [10][11][12].…”

‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Application to Food

“…These sensors are made of tiny discs, usually quartz, lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) or lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), coated with materials such as chromatographic stationary phases, lipids or any non-volatile compounds that are chemically and thermally stable (29)(30)(31). When an alternating electrical potential is applied at room temperature, the crystal vibrates at a very stable frequency, defined by its mechanical properties.…”