Analyzing CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe: A dynamic panel data approach

González, Rosa Marina; Marrero, Gustavo A.; Rodrı́guez-López, Jesús; Marrero, Ángel S.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.031

Cited by 83 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Saboori et al (2014) analyse the long-run relationship between emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in OECD countries and conclude that most of the emissions derive from energy consumption rather than from economic growth. Regarding the passenger car sector in Europe, Ryan et al (2008) evaluate the effect of fiscal policy on passenger car sales and emissions, and González et al (2019) provide evidence that technological progress and fuel efficiency are negatively associated with emissions while economic activity, motorization rate and the tax policy favouring diesel cars are positively associated. Also, for passenger cars, but in this case for Spain, find a negative effect on CO 2 emissions caused by dieselization, which is more important than the improvements in fuel efficiency.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In , we consider a set of determinants commonly used in fuel consumption models. In general, income and employment fluctuations, fuel prices and any other indicator providing information related to the usage of passenger cars and freight traffic are good candidates for explaining fuel demand (see, e.g., Marrero et al 2019;Romero-Jordan, 2014;Santos, 2013;Schipper, 2011 andZervas, 2010). In compact notation, can be expressed as (see Table A1 in Appendix A for details on sources and variable description):…”

Section: The Conditional Convergence Dynamic Panel Data Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe

Marrero

González

et al. 2021

Energy Economics

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In Europe the transport sector accounts for more than 27% of total CO 2 emissions and, within this sector, road transport is by far the largest polluter. This fact has placed road transport emissions abatement firmly on the agenda of global alliances. In this paper, we examine the convergence in per capita road transport CO 2 emissions in a sample of 22 European Union (EU) countries over the 1990-2014 period. We find evidence that EU countries converge to one another but depending on certain structural factors (conditional convergence), and that the convergence speed has increased over time. In light of this evidence, we estimate a conditional convergence dynamic panel data model to examine the structural factors affecting the convergence process and its influence on the convergence speed. Because, in our sample, road transport CO 2 emissions depend almost exclusively on (fossil) fuel consumption, we focus on the determinants channelled through the use of energy in the sector. By using alternative econometric approaches (pooled-OLS, fixed-effects and instrumental variables), our results show that the convergence process is conditioned by factors such as economic activity and fuel prices and that some of these factors have a significant effect on the convergence speed. These results may entail policy implications with regards to the geographical impact of the EU policies on climate change currently in place.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Conditional Convergence Dynamic Panel Data Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe

Marrero

González

et al. 2021

Energy Economics

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“…Due to global warming, governments and manufacturers have been taking an increasing number of active steps to reduce CO 2 emissions. In particular, automobile manufacturers and designers are attempting to reduce CO 2 emissions because the road transport accounts for 92 percent of CO 2 emissions from all transport services [1]. At high speed, overcoming aerodynamic drag is responsible for more than 50% of fuel consumption [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

Zhou

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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The current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire. Compared with the real complex pattern tire, the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag. However, the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion. The purpose of this study is to experimentally and computationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded. A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional (3D) printing with a ratio of 1:1, and the pressure coefficients Cp of the three tires with different patterns are measured. The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics. The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients Cp, and they are of good consistency. While, the general analysis of pressure coefficients Cp results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface, and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface, the pressure coefficients Cp of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction. The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag. The results show that, angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that; the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction, the less the flow separation and flow vortices, and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag. The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires, and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.

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“…Fuel consumption is directly related to CO2 emissions. As stated in [6] road transport generates up to 92% CO2 emissions from the transport sector. In the European Union, it is responsible for approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already mentioned, the design of the engine has an impact on fuel consumption. For example, diesel motor vehicles consume approximately 12% less fuel than gasoline-fueled vehicles [6]. The use of safety assistance driving systems in a car also affects fuel consumption [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of fuel consumption using artificial neural networks

Witaszek¹

2020

Diagnostyka

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The article presents a model of operational fuel consumption by a passenger car from the B segment, powered by a spark ignition engine. The model was developed using artificial neural networks simulated in the Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator (SNNS) package. The data for the model was obtained from longterm operational tests, during which data from the engine control unit were recorded via the OBDII diagnostic interface. The model is based on neural networks with two hidden layers, the size of which was selected using an original iterative algorithm. During the structure selection process, a total of 576 different networks were tested. The analysis of the obtained test errors made it possible to select the optimal structure of the 6-19-17-1 model. The network input values were: vehicle speed and acceleration, road slope, throttle opening degree, selected gear number and engine speed. The networks were trained using the efficient RPROP method. A correctly trained network, based on the set parameters, was able to forecast the instantaneous fuel consumption. These forecasts showed a high correlation with the measured values. Average fuel consumption calculated on their basis was close to the real value, which was calculated on the basis of two consecutive fuelings of the vehicle.

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Analyzing CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe: A dynamic panel data approach

Cited by 83 publications

References 65 publications

Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe

Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

Modeling of fuel consumption using artificial neural networks

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