Analyzing Similarities between the European Union Countries in Terms of the Structure and Volume of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources

Brodny, Jarosław; Tutak, Magdalena

doi:10.3390/en13040913

Cited by 106 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The calculations were performed on the assumption that the EU countries would be divided into four clusters. The number of clusters was determined according to the assumptions set out in the work (Mardia, 1979;Brodny and Tutak, 2020a). The composition of the particular clusters and their distances from the centres (in brackets) are presented in Table 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries

Tutak

2020

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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Despite the ongoing changes in the energy and economic structure of the European Union countries, mineral and energy resources such as hard coal, brown coal, natural gas, copper ores, zinc ores and many other minerals continue to be extracted. Each year, the mining and extraction sector emits thousands of tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere, in the form of greenhouse and other air-polluting gases, as well as harmful dusts. These substances include, amongst others, carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, as well as PM2.5 and PM10. The European Union climate policy clearly recommends that the exploitation of mineral resources be carried out in full respect of the principles of their rational, economical and environmentally neutral acquisition, which is confirmed by the promoted strategy of sustainable development economy. Therefore, this means the necessity to undertake actions aimed at limiting the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. To assess the actions taken by the European Union countries to date with respect to limiting those emissions, a comparative analysis was carried out for the particular countries. This analysis encompassed the emission of harmful substances from the mining and quarrying sector by the European Union countries in the years 2008 and 2017. The purpose of the analysis was to show the diversity of those countries in terms of the emission of harmful gases and dusts, as well as to divide them into similar groups. Such a division paves the way for developing a common climate policy and exchanging experiences between the countries from the particular groups. The European Union countries were divided into similar groups using the k-means grouping method. Comparison was also made for the emissions of the substances under analysis for the particular countries over the research years. The results obtained unequivocally demonstrate that this emission has been limited in the European Union, but there are countries where the emission of certain substances has increased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries

Tutak

2020

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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“…Many authors have made important contributions to this theme of eco-efficiency, as we will see in the literature review section, which shaped the thinking of several researchers until a concrete relationship was reached, measured by the ratio between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions or pollutants (GHG). In the European context, several efforts have been made to reduce GHG and Pollutant Gas emissions since this is a theme, not only with an environmental impact but also with an economic and social impact [ 6 ]. Thus, this theme (of emissions reduction) started with the Quito Protocol (discussed in 1997, opened for signatures in 1998, and ratified in 1999, entering into full operation on 16 February 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Stage DEA Model to Evaluate the Technical Eco-Efficiency Indicator in the EU Countries

Moutinho

Madaleno

2021

IJERPH

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This paper evaluates the evolution of eco-efficiency for the 27 European Union (EU) countries over the period 2008–2018, provided the traditional high concerns of the EU concerning the economic growth-environmental performance relationship. The EU has triggered several initiatives and regulations regarding environmental protection over the years, but as well the Sustainable Development Goals demand it. Under this setting, we conduct a two-stage analysis, which computes eco-efficiency scores in the first stage for each of the pairs EU 27-year, through the nonparametric method data envelopment analysis (DEA), considering the ratio GDP per capita and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In the second stage, scores are used as a dependent variable in the proposed fractional regression model (FRM), whose determinants considered were eight pollutants (three greenhouse gases and five atmospheric pollutants). CO2/area and N2O/area effects are negative and significant, improving the eco-efficiency of the EU 27 countries. When the efficient European countries are excluded from the estimations, the results evidence that CO2/area and CH4/area decrease the DEA score. The country with the lowest GHG emissions and pollutant gases was Ireland, being the country within the considered period that mostly reduced emissions, particularly SOx and PM10, increasing its score.

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“…The dynamic development of the world economy means that the demand for energy is increasing from year to year in virtually all sectors of this economy [1,2]. Energy is closely related to economy, environment, and social development [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Pore Structure of Surrounding Rock for Underground Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Caverns in Bedded Rock Salt

et al. 2020

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Using salt caverns for an underground strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) is considered as an ideal approach due to the excellent characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, self-healing of damage, and strong plastic deformation ability of rock salt. Salt deposits in China are mostly layered rock salt structures, with the characteristics of many interlayers, bringing great challenges for the construction of SPR facilities. Studying the microscopic pore characteristics of the rock surrounding SPR salt caverns in different environments (with brine and crude oil erosion) is necessary because the essence of mechanical and permeability characteristics is the macroscopic embodiment of the microscopic pore structure. In this paper, XRD tests and SEM tests are carried out to determine the physical properties of storage media and surrounding rock. Gas adsorption tests and mercury intrusion tests are carried out to analyze the microscopic pore structure, specific surface area variation and total aperture distribution characteristics of SPR salt cavern host rock. Results show that: (1) Large numbers of cores in interlayer and caprock may provide favorable channels for the leakage of high-pressure crude oil and brine. (2) The blockage of pores by macromolecular organic matter (colloid and asphaltene) in crude oil will not significantly change the structural characteristics of the rock skeleton, which is beneficial to the long-term operation of the SPR salt cavern. (3) The water–rock interaction will bring obvious changes in the micro-pore structure of rock and increase the leakage risk of the storage medium. The results can provide theoretical bases and methods for the tightness analysis of China’s first underground SPR salt cavern.

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Analyzing Similarities between the European Union Countries in Terms of the Structure and Volume of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources

Cited by 106 publications

References 63 publications

Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries

Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries

A Two-Stage DEA Model to Evaluate the Technical Eco-Efficiency Indicator in the EU Countries

Microscopic Pore Structure of Surrounding Rock for Underground Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Caverns in Bedded Rock Salt

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