Analyzing the continuum of fatal crashes: A generalized ordered approach

Yasmin, Shamsunnahar; Eluru, Naveen; Pinjari, Abdul Rawoof

doi:10.1016/j.amar.2015.03.001

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Hit and run behavior results in serious injuries and fatalities because of delayed medical reporting (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and therefore, the policy has been a benefit for public safety. Moreover, reducing hit and run accidents also has had significant positive economic effects by correcting distortions in the auto insurance market.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When emergency assistance is delayed and police do not arrive swiftly to secure the scene, victims may be struck again, or additional accidents can occur (15)(16)(17). This delay increases fatality risk in particular, because most deaths in traffic collisions occur within the first 60 minutes after the accident (18,19). However, despite the importance of the issue, we know very little about how these policies affect traffic safety or social and economic outcomes.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Providing driver’s licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety

Lueders

Hainmueller

Lawrence

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The integration of immigrants presents a major challenge for policymakers in the United States. In an effort to improve integration, several US states recently have implemented laws that provide driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. These new laws have sparked widespread debate, but we lack evidence on the traffic safety impact of these policies. We examine the short-term effects of the largest-scale policy shift, California's Assembly Bill 60 (AB60), under which more than 600,000 licenses were issued in the first year of implementation in 2015 alone. We find that, contrary to concerns voiced by opponents of the law, AB60 has had no discernible short-term effect on the number of accidents. The law primarily allowed existing unlicensed drivers to legalize their driving. We also find that, although AB60 had no effect on the rate of fatal accidents, it did decrease the rate of hit and run accidents, suggesting that the policy reduced fears of deportation and vehicle impoundment. Hit and run behaviors often delay emergency assistance, increase insurance premiums, and leave victims with significant out of pocket expenses. Overall, the results suggest that AB60 provides an example of how states can facilitate the integration of immigrants while creating positive externalities for the communities in which they live.driver's licenses | immigration | traffic safety | unauthorized immigrants | integration U nauthorized immigration is one of the most divisive political issues in the United States. An estimated 11 million immigrants currently live in the United States without legal documentation (1, 2), and about 8% of newborn US citizens have parents who are unauthorized immigrants (3). The current debate centers on sharply contrasting proposals for how to deal with unauthorized immigrants. Some argue that they should be forcibly deported, and others contend that they should be granted amnesty and given a path to American citizenship (4).Because immigration policy reform has become increasingly gridlocked at the federal level, many state and local governments have begun to implement a variety of policies directed at unauthorized immigrants (ref. 5, pp. 233-237). Some states, such as California and Illinois, have opted for an inclusive and welcoming approach, whereas other states, such as Arizona, Alabama, and Georgia, have taken a more restrictive and exclusionary approach (4, 6). Of these policy reforms, one of the most significant involves giving unauthorized immigrants access to driver's licenses. Because most states require a valid social security number and proof of lawful immigration status, unauthorized immigrants typically cannot legally obtain a driver's license. However, as is shown in Fig. 1, 12 states and the District of Columbia have adopted laws that allow unauthorized immigrants to obtain driver's licenses if the applicant provides certain documentation, such as foreign birth certification or a passport and evidence of state residency. Several other states, such as New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Isl...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Providing driver’s licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety

Lueders

Hainmueller

Lawrence

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Although a patient's treatment outcome depends on many factors such as the injury severity and pre-existing conditions, the time needed for an EMS unit to arrive at the scene (response time) plays a significant role in the survival rate (4). This conclusion is also supported by a study done by Yasmin et al using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) dataset (6). To date, a clear relationship has not been fully established between clinically significant improvements in patients' outcomes and reductions in EMS time to definitive care (4).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 81%

Service Location Optimization Model for Improving Rural Emergency Medical Services

Qin

Xie

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Approximately 35,000 fatalities are attributed to accidents on U.S. highways each year and more than half of them occurred in rural areas. With such a high percentage of fatalities, rural areas are in critical need of timely and reliable Emergency Medical Services (EMS). EMS provide important prehospital care to victims before they are transferred to a hospital. After an accident occurs, the time it takes for victims to receive care from EMS is crucial to their survival. Compared with urban EMS, rural EMS face multiple challenges. One of them is how to properly site EMS stations to provide cost-effective services in rural areas. The goals of this paper include analyzing the spatial patterns of EMS station and incident locations, and optimizing rural EMS station locations. The data were collected from South Dakota, a rural state. This dataset was used to perform spatial analysis and to develop and evaluate an EMS location optimization model. The location optimization model aims to maximize the rural EMS coverage while taking service equity into consideration. The model was solved by a genetic algorithm toolbox in R. The proposed model provides an important and practical tool for rural EMS officials to select new EMS stations or relocate existing stations to improve service performance under budget and resource constraints.

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“…21 The non-parametric models such as decision tree, clustering, and neutral artificial network generally focus on analyzing the traffic safety problems in recent years. 22,23 The previous studies indicate that non-parametric is an effect of classification tree. Most of the non-parametric methods may not provide direct relationship equations because the captured relationship is often non-linear and kernel functions are used to approach the real distribution.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of truck-related crashes of freeways in China

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Truck-related crashes result in tremendous lives and property loss and become a serious safety issue in China. The goal of this article is to identify the influential factors for severity of truck-related crashes using data from Jingjintang freeways in China and to design an ordered probit model to explore their relationship. Records including crashes, traffic flow attributes, and geometric design features ranging from 2009 to 2012 were collected from Jingjintang freeway. Crashes are divided into three severity levels: slight injury, injury, and fatal injury. The injury crashes is ranking the first place occupying 64.37%. Truck-related crashes are likely to occur when truck percentage is around 20% and 80%. The speed of traffic flow decreases with the more appearance of trucks. The ordered probit model is developed to estimate the impacts of influential factors on injury severity of truck-related crashes. Marginal effects for each level of injury severity are calculated. The results reveal that truck-involving crashes are highly sensitive to factors such as time of day, truck percentage, average slope, operating speed, speed difference, and exposure variable. The average slope of road segment and speed gaps has the greatest impact on all severity levels of crashes.

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Analyzing the continuum of fatal crashes: A generalized ordered approach

Cited by 46 publications

References 64 publications

Providing driver’s licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety

Providing driver’s licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety

Service Location Optimization Model for Improving Rural Emergency Medical Services

Analysis of truck-related crashes of freeways in China

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